Native raspberries, limes and geraniums: how did these curious plants end up in Australia?
Some species have travelled vast distances over millennia, moving by different and varied modes.
- Some species have travelled vast distances over millennia, moving by different and varied modes.
- Some found new habitats when the continent they were riding on slowly crashed into another.
- Others went on perilous ocean going journeys – think of coconuts washing up on new island shores.
Native nuts – how macadamia trees began
- Here, many Australians tasted macadamia nuts for the first time and probably assumed they were a local delicacy.
- Hawaii’s macadamia industry began when a few nuts were sent from Australia in the 1880s.
- Of course, this was not news to Australia’s First Nations people, many of whom had enjoyed macadamia nuts for millennia.
Oranges, lemons – and native citrus?
- Many of us are fond of tart and tasty citrus – oranges from southern China, lemons probably from northern India.
- All the world’s citrus trees stem from an ancestor species which grew in the foothills of the Himalayas, according to DNA evidence.
- But there are others, like the Australian lime, Citrus australis and the desert lime C. glauca.
Native raspberries
- In recent years, the native raspberry, Rubus probus, has achieved celebrity status as a prickly, quick growing bramble with a good fruit.
- This will make a big difference to the cultivation of our native raspberry.
- So how did Australia come to have raspberries?
Native geraniums? It’s true
- Family folklore had it they were cuttings from a prize winner at a major horticultural exhibition – and I believe it.
- While we associate garden geraniums with Europe, they’re actually African and only arrived in Europe in the 17th century.
- Most of the Australian native plants commonly called geraniums are in fact pelargoniums.
Native orchids: from flying ducks to the Queen of Sheba
- In the 19th century, so many Europeans went mad for their flowers that the name “orchidelirium” was coined.
- We have some of the most iconic orchids as natives, such as the remarkable flying duck orchid and the stunning Queen of Sheba.
- But curiously, we also have tropical species which must have island hopped from Papua New Guinea and Indonesia more recently.
- We have native tamarinds, native rivermint, and a native rhododendron.