Diet

• The new campaign empowers communities to help children reach their full potential through nutrition education and malnutrition screening and furthers Abbott's partnership with Real Madrid and the Real Madrid Foundation to reduce global childhood malnutrition.
• As the Health Sciences and Nutrition Partner of the Real Madrid Football Club and Global Partner of the Real Madrid Foundation , Abbott and the club are working together to tackle malnutrition through programs at Real Madrid Foundation Social Sports Schools focused on education and malnutrition screening.
• All proceeds from the race will go to fund malnutrition education and screening at global Real Madrid Foundation Social Sports Schools.
• For every runner who participates in the virtual race, Abbott will donate $5 to the Real Madrid Foundation to help fight malnutrition.

• These birds’ pilfering of food knows no bounds, and no one is safe from one of their thieving attacks.
• As a scientist interested in animal cognition, I’m fascinated by the intelligent behaviour that allows gulls to successfully forage human foods.
• The ability to compare objects and identify whether they are identical implies a higher cognitive ability than object tracking alone.

Quick learners

• We sat on the sand and held a third crisp packet that matched the colour of either one of the packets on the ground.
• We then recorded the gulls’ response to see if, as hypothesised, they would choose the crisp packet that matched the colour of the one in our hand.
• Of the gulls that pecked at the crisp packets, nearly all (95%) did so to the crisp packet that colour-matched the one we were holding.

Wide behavioural repertoire

• That means this behaviour cannot have come from an innate ability resulting from co-evolution or an extended period of living alongside humans.
• Rather, it must be the result of a broader, more general behavioural repertoire.
• It seems that herring gulls are an intelligent and versatile predator that has successfully adapted to urban environments due to their observational skills and behavioural flexibility.
• What is clear, though, is that we can’t rely solely on signs insisting that people “do not feed the birds”.

• Health practitioners are increasingly concerned that because race is a social construct, and the biological mechanisms of how race affects clinical outcomes are often unknown, including race in predictive algorithms for clinical decision-making may worsen inequities.
• A higher eGFR value means better kidney health.
• My recently published research suggests that excluding race from certain diagnostic algorithms could worsen health inequities.

Different approaches to fairness

• Researchers use different economic frameworks to understand how society allocates resources.
• This approach allocates resources to those with the most opportunities to generate positive outcomes or mitigate negative ones.
• Although utilitarian approaches do not take fairness into account, an approach that does would ask two questions: How do we define fairness?
• Are there conditions when maximizing an algorithm’s prediction power and accuracy would not conflict with fairness?

Equality of opportunity

• There are two fundamental principles in equality of opportunity.
• However, differences in individual effort that occur because of circumstances, such as living in an area with limited access to healthy food, are not addressed under equality of opportunity.
• Equality of opportunity implies that if algorithms were to be used for clinical decision-making, then it is necessary to understand what causes variation in the predictions they make.

Evaluating clinical algorithms for fairness

• To hold machine learning and other artificial intelligence algorithms accountable to a standard of equity, I applied the principles of equality of opportunity to
  evaluate whether race should be included in clinical algorithms.
• The first, diagnostic algorithms, makes predictions based on outcomes that have already occurred at the time of decision-making.
• The second, prognostic algorithms, predicts future outcomes that have not yet occurred at the time of decision-making.
• For example, prognostic algorithms are used to predict whether a patient will live if they do or do not obtain a kidney transplant.

Unanswered questions and future work

• My colleagues and I are exploring many of these unanswered questions to reduce algorithmic discrimination.
• We believe our work will readily extend to other areas outside of health, including education, crime and labor markets.

• Omada Health , a virtual-first healthcare provider, announced a specialized program for members taking GLP-1s, in response to the growing interest and demand for the medication.
• "The evidence is clear that GLP-1 medications without comprehensive behavioral support puts patients at risk for weight regain once the medication is stopped," said Dr. Carolyn Bradner Jasik, Chief Medical Officer of Omada Health.
• Omada Health is a virtual-first healthcare provider that nurtures lifelong health, one day at a time.
• Omada’s scope exceeds 1,800 customers, including health plans, health systems, and employers ranging in size from small businesses to Fortune 500s.