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• A new report published today reveals that adult vaccination programmes can return up to 19 times their initial investment when the full spectrum of economic and societal benefits is valued.
• View the full release here: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20240417519822/en/
  Learn more about the economic benefits of investing in adult immunisation programmes in a new study by the Office of Health Economics (OHE).
• The report concludes that the vaccination programmes deliver substantial returns on government investment through cost savings within healthcare systems and wider socio-economic benefits.
• “Our findings show that costs are offset multiple times over by benefits to society when governments invest in adult immunisation programmes.

• “The EC’s authorization of PREVENAR 20 for infants and children represents a significant opportunity to improve public health by helping to protect against the 20 serotypes responsible for the majority of currently circulating pneumococcal disease in the EU,” said Alexandre de Germay, Chief International Commercial Officer, Executive Vice President, Pfizer.
• The authorization is valid in all 27 EU member states plus Iceland, Lichtenstein and Norway.
• Regulatory applications for PREVENAR 20 for the pediatric indication have been submitted to additional countries around the world.
• These studies collectively enrolled more than 4,700 infants and 800 toddlers and children of all ages.

• Tongue scraping has long been part of daily hygiene routines in many parts of the world.
• But while there’s some evidence to back these claims, the practise could also come with risks.
• Poor oral health can lead to a build-up of biofilms containing certain bacterial species which cause dental decay (cavities), gum disease and bad breath.
• But there’s less evidence showing whether these techniques are also effective for preventing tongue biofilms and bad breath.

Tongue scraping

• However, these reviews did find that the benefits of tongue scraping were shortlived and needed to be done using a specific technique to be effective.
• There are other caveats when it comes to tongue scraping.
• In these instances, tongue scraping will do little to solve bad breath.

• One study has suggested that tongue scraping may actually enrich the amount of nitrate-reducing bacteria on the tongue.
• It will be important for further research to be done with more participants to better determine both the potential benefits and harms of tongue scraping.

Should I use a tongue scraper?

• It’s also likely that the benefits and downsides of using a tongue scraper would differ for each person.
• Good oral hygiene will probably be enough to fix bad breath – and aggressive tongue scraping may actually risk making your tongue bleed.
• We also don’t yet fully know how tongue scraping will affect good bacteria on you tongue.
• Scrape your tongue, or clean your tongue with a toothbrush, with care, if you must.

Zoe Brookes does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

• Royalties for the fourth quarter of 2023 were $22.5 million, compared with $22.0 million for the same period in 2022.
• Costs of Captisol sales were $1.6 million for the fourth quarter of 2023, compared with $21.6 million for the same period in 2022, with the decrease due to lower total Captisol sales during the fourth quarter of 2023 and $9.8 million in accelerated depreciation on Captisol manufacturing equipment during the fourth quarter of 2022.
• Amortization of intangibles was $8.3 million for the fourth quarter of 2023, compared with $8.5 million for the same period in 2022.
• Travere also announced fourth quarter 2023 results reporting that it received 459 new patient start forms for FILSPARI in the fourth quarter of 2023 and net product sales of $14.9 million for the fourth quarter.