Global Burden of Disease Study

• Sanofi announces agreement for potential first-in-class vaccine against extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli
  Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) is a leading bacterial cause of sepsis, causing approximately 10 million cases of invasive ExPEC disease (IED) annually, worldwide1,2
  Phase 3 clinical trial of vaccine candidate ongoing.
• Sanofi announces today that it has entered into an agreement with Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Janssen), a Johnson & Johnson company, to develop and commercialize the vaccine candidate for extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (9-valent) developed by Janssen, currently in Phase 3.
• Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli is a leading cause of sepsis, particularly in older adults3.
• Antimicrobial resistant (AMR) E. coli strains are an ongoing healthcare concern, with extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli a major driver behind the global AMR crisis4.

• However, even in Canada, with a universal health-care system, migraine is underdiagnosed and undertreated.
• Policymakers need to act now to remove the barriers to accessing migraine medications in Canada, particularly as new medications are marketed.

What is migraine?

• Pain typically affects one side of the head and presents with nausea or vomiting, sensitivity to light or sound and interference with routine physical activity.
• Migraine can be episodic (fewer than 15 headache days per month) or chronic (15 or more headache days per month for longer than three months).

Impact of migraine

• Migraine is associated with lost productivity and with other health conditions including asthma, epilepsy and cardiovascular disease.
• Furthermore, migraine can contribute to mental health problems, including depression and anxiety.
• Canada is no stranger to this trend, where migraine affects 4.7 per cent of men and 11.8 per cent of women each year.

Historically, migraine has been underdiagnosed

• Factors influencing diagnosis include an individual’s ability and willingness to access care, and a physician identifying and correctly diagnosing migraine.
• However, research has demonstrated that for chronic migraine, most individuals report consulting a physician about their headaches.
• This suggests that in people with chronic migraine specifically, underdiagnosis may be driven by the failure to receive a correct diagnosis from a health-care provider.

Migraine-specific medications are under-used

• Triptans are among the oldest migraine-specific medications, and the first-line treatment for migraine for those who do not get relief from over-the-counter medications.
• Despite this, many individuals living with migraine in Canada do not use or have not tried migraine-specific medications.
• As new migraine-specific medications are approved in Canada, it is important that those who need them can access these treatments.
• These medications are used to prevent migrainous headaches, and cost over $600 per month.

Steps you can take if you think you might have migraine

• Migraine Buddy is a migraine tracking app with a questionnaire to help individuals determine if they may have migraine and should discuss their symptoms with a physician.
• Effective treatment options exist to manage migraine, which can be accessed through a physician.

The Research Brief is a short take about interesting academic work.

The big idea

• That is one of the key findings from our study on the global burden of diabetes recently published in The Lancet.
• Our study included more than 27,000 data sources to produce estimates of diabetes prevalence, disability and deaths for 204 countries and territories from 1990 through 2021.
• Using a modeling tool that takes into account sociodemographic factors and obesity, we projected diabetes prevalence out to 2050.
• In 2021, obesity was the most important risk factor for Type 2 diabetes, accounting for more than half of disability and death from the disease.

Why it matters

• This compounds the stress of diabetes on health care systems, requiring more comprehensive screening and management.
• However, a study found that fewer than 1 in 10 people with diabetes in low- and middle-income countries have access to comprehensive diabetes treatment.
• Based on an abundance of research, the two primary drivers of the expected rise in diabetes cases will be aging and obesity.

What other research is being done

• Research shows that there are many complex social and economic dynamics at play when it comes to trying to live a healthy lifestyle.
• Low income, low education level and living in urban areas are all associated with a higher risk of developing Type 2 diabetes.

• BUFFALO, N.Y., June 27, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Prominently featured in The Inner Circle, Sandra Ann Ham is acknowledged as a Top Pinnacle Professional for her contributions as a Biostatistics Consultant.
• Ms. Ham pursued higher education at Kettering University where she earned a Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering.
• She noted that this prompted an in-depth study of epidemiological research and modeling methods that would shape the rest of her career.
• Ms. Ham is currently a biostatistics consultant and owner of Sandra Ham Consulting serving clients.