Kid

• Why is space so dark despite all of the stars in the universe?
• – Nikhil, age 15, New Delhi
  Why is space so dark despite all of the stars in the universe?
• – Nikhil, age 15, New Delhi People have been asking why space is dark despite being filled with stars for so long that this question has a special name – Olbers’ paradox.
• The study of distant stars and planets helps astronomers like me understand why space is so dark.

Imagine a bubble

• If the bubble were about 10 light years across, it would contain about a dozen stars.
• If you keep enlarging the bubble to 1,000 light years across, then to 1 million light years, and then 1 billion light years, the farthest stars in the bubble will look even more faint.
• But there would also be more and more stars inside the bigger and bigger bubble, all of them contributing light.

Age matters

• Even though that’s an amazingly long time in human terms, it’s short in astronomical terms.
• It’s short enough that the light from stars more distant than about 13 billion light years hasn’t actually reached Earth yet.
• And so the actual bubble around Earth that contains all the stars we can see only extends out to about 13 billion light years from Earth.

The Doppler shift

• But that brings me back to the other thing I told you to imagine: that all of the stars are not moving.
• The universe is actually expanding, with the most distant galaxies moving away from Earth at nearly the speed of light.
• Because the galaxies are moving away so fast, the light from their stars is pushed into colors the human eye can’t see.
• This effect is called the Doppler shift.

• Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment (NASDAQ: CSSE) today announced the sneaker lifestyle meets hip-hop culture series Just for Kicks will premiere on October 19 exclusively on the free streaming service Crackle.
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• The Unique Line of Candy-Like Chews Feature Vitamins, Minerals, Superfoods, and Probiotics to Support Health and Well-being
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