C23
Consumer participation in the credit market during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond
We find that credit demand is highest when
- We find that credit demand is highest when
the first lockdown ends and it drops when supportive monetary compensation schemes are implemented. - Credit is more likely to be
accepted under favourable borrowing conditions and after the approval of national recovery plans. - We also find
that demographic, economic factors, perceptions and expectations are associated with the demand for credit and
the credit grant. - First, it adds to a rapidly growing literature on household
borrowing behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic; see, for example, Ho et al. - We provide evidence that credit applications and credit acceptances display a different pattern over
time. - Credit is more likely to be accepted under favourable borrowing conditions and after the
approval of national recovery plans. - In almost all countries
households are significantly less likely to apply and to get their credit approved than in Germany. - In line with literature, we show that
demographic and economic factors affect the probability for credit applications and credit approval. - In addition,
the paper shows that consumer perceptions and expectations matter when they decide to apply for credit. - Introduction
The participation of households in the credit market receives wide attention in the consumer finance literature
because consumer credit enters the monetary policy transmission mechanism through the so-called ?credit
channel?: changes in credit demand and supply have an effect on consumers' spending and investment, which in
turn affect economic growth. - We use microdata from the ECB?s Consumer Expectations Survey (hereinafter CES), a survey that
measures consumer expectations and behaviour in the euro area. - Its panel dimension allows for an assessment of
how consumer behaviour changes over time and how consumers respond to critical economic shocks. - This way we can gauge how credit applications and credit acceptances change under different, almost
opposite, borrowing conditions. - We also distinguish between the demand for long-term secured loans (mortgages) and for short-term
uncollateralized loans (consumer loans). - ECB Working Paper Series No 2922
3
We use probit models to estimate the probability of the consumer to apply for credit and the credit being granted.
- The rate peaks in 2020Q3 which reflects the rebound in the demand for loans when the first lockdown ended.
- In almost all countries households are significantly less likely
to apply and to get their credit approved than in Germany. - However,
when it comes to credit acceptance, we observe that the two groups of households are more similar. - Finally, we find some heterogeneity with respect to the type of credit, particularly between secured and unsecured
debt. - The demand for
consumer credit is insignificant for liquid households and decreases significantly for constrained households in
the last two quarters of our timespan. - The first consists of a recently growing literature which
explores consumer behaviour in the credit market during the COVID-19 pandemic, mostly in the United States. - Sandler and Ricks (2020) show that consumers did not use credit card debt for financial liquidity in the early stage
of the COVID-19 pandemic. - (2020) report that credit card applications and new mortgage loans
declined during the first months of the pandemic in regions with more unemployment insurance claims. - Lu and
Van der Klaauw (2021) show that there was a sharp drop in consumer credit demand, especially for credit cards. - (2022) document that there was a substantial decrease in the usage of credit cards and home equity lines
of credit by Canadian consumers. - Our paper is also consonant with studies on the association between financial and demographic factors and
consumers? participation in the credit market as well as on the demand for specific types of credit. - January 2020 ? October 2020 - The two main events are the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and the
consequential lockdowns in the euro area. - 4 If the
respondent has applied for more than one type of credit, she is asked to refer to the most recent credit application. - Between 2021Q3 and 2022Q3 the acceptance
rate stays above the average values, mirroring the easing of credit standards for consumer credit and other lending
to households during this period. - Second, we can investigate the presence of nonlinearities in how liquidity and the credit type interact in explaining credit applications.
- (2023) ? who show that in the United States the local pandemic severity had a strong
negative effect on credit card spending early in the pandemic, which diminished over time. - First, we select mortgages and consumer credit as the two mostly reported categories for secured and
13
The full estimation results are reported in Table 3.
- The right-hand side panel of Figure 6 shows that the demand for consumer credit is insignificant for both liquid
and illiquid households. - It also shows that
subjective perceptions of credit access, financial concerns and expectations on interest rates matter for the demand
for credit. - In Bertola, G., Disney
R., and Grant, C. (eds) The Economics of Consumer Credit, Cambridge MA, MIT Press. - Horvath, A., Kay, B. and Wix, C. (2023) The COVID-19 shock and consumer credit: Evidence from credit card
data. - Magri, S. (2007) Italian households? debt: The participation to the debt market and the size of the loan.
OpenMP ARB Releases Technical Report 12
The OpenMP® Architecture Review Board (ARB) has released Technical Report 12, the second preview of version 6.0 of the OpenMP API, which will be released in 2024.
- The OpenMP® Architecture Review Board (ARB) has released Technical Report 12, the second preview of version 6.0 of the OpenMP API, which will be released in 2024.
- Technical Report 12 is an important milestone on the path to OpenMP 6.0.
- “This technical report provides a preview for the OpenMP community, our users, and the implementers to comment on the features planned for OpenMP 6.0,” says Michael Klemm, CEO of the OpenMP ARB.
- “Version 6.0 will be released in November 2024 and will be a major leap forward to ready the OpenMP programming model for exascale computing.”
“TR12 assures that OpenMP 6.0 will provide several significant advances for programming large-scale, heterogeneous systems,” said Bronis R. de Supinski, Chair of the OpenMP Language Committee.
Prime Focus Technologies collaborates with Microsoft to unlock new revenue streams from Active Archives
This marks a pivotal moment, utilizing cutting-edge AI-enabled Media Asset Management (MAM) technology & consulting services to harness the untapped potential of Active Archives and create innovative revenue streams.
- This marks a pivotal moment, utilizing cutting-edge AI-enabled Media Asset Management (MAM) technology & consulting services to harness the untapped potential of Active Archives and create innovative revenue streams.
- Active Archive is an innovative approach to managing extensive archives of multimedia content, such as videos, audio files, images, and related documents.
- By integrating metadata with rich media content, Active Archive scenarios help to organize, categorize, and surface relevant content, meeting the varying demands of media customers.
- This integration will empower users to unlock the true potential of their content archives, enhancing accessibility, agility, and innovation.
Prime Focus Technologies collaborates with Microsoft to unlock new revenue streams from Active Archives
This marks a pivotal moment, utilizing cutting-edge AI-enabled Media Asset Management (MAM) technology & consulting services to harness the untapped potential of Active Archives and create innovative revenue streams.
- This marks a pivotal moment, utilizing cutting-edge AI-enabled Media Asset Management (MAM) technology & consulting services to harness the untapped potential of Active Archives and create innovative revenue streams.
- Active Archive is an innovative approach to managing extensive archives of multimedia content, such as videos, audio files, images, and related documents.
- By integrating metadata with rich media content, Active Archive scenarios help to organize, categorize, and surface relevant content, meeting the varying demands of media customers.
- This integration will empower users to unlock the true potential of their content archives, enhancing accessibility, agility, and innovation.
PFT unveils Ad Break Automation powered by CLEAR® AI at IBC 2023
LOS ANGELES, Sept. 14, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Prime Focus Technologies (PFT), a leading creator of AI technology solutions for the Media and Entertainment (M&E) industry, is proud to announce the launch of Ad Break Automation, powered by CLEAR® AI at IBC 2023. This significant advancement is poised to generate revenue for content on Free Ad-Supported Streaming Television (FAST), Ad-Supported Video on Demand (AVOD), and Linear TV platforms.
- Transforming revenue generation across FAST, AVOD, and Linear TV Platforms
LOS ANGELES, Sept. 14, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Prime Focus Technologies (PFT), a leading creator of AI technology solutions for the Media and Entertainment (M&E) industry, is proud to announce the launch of Ad Break Automation, powered by CLEAR® AI at IBC 2023 . - The Ad Break Automation feature enables content owners to automatically identify the best spots for ad placement according to the specific policies of FAST and AVOD platforms.
- Efficiently manage your content distribution by accessing predefined ad break policies tailored for various FAST/AVOD platforms and automatically exporting ad break markers that align with platform requirements.
- Join us at IBC 2023 for a demo of Ad Break Automation.
PFT unveils Ad Break Automation powered by CLEAR® AI at IBC 2023
LOS ANGELES, Sept. 14, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Prime Focus Technologies (PFT), a leading creator of AI technology solutions for the Media and Entertainment (M&E) industry, is proud to announce the launch of Ad Break Automation, powered by CLEAR® AI at IBC 2023. This significant advancement is poised to generate revenue for content on Free Ad-Supported Streaming Television (FAST), Ad-Supported Video on Demand (AVOD), and Linear TV platforms.
- Transforming revenue generation across FAST, AVOD, and Linear TV Platforms
LOS ANGELES, Sept. 14, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Prime Focus Technologies (PFT), a leading creator of AI technology solutions for the Media and Entertainment (M&E) industry, is proud to announce the launch of Ad Break Automation, powered by CLEAR® AI at IBC 2023 . - The Ad Break Automation feature enables content owners to automatically identify the best spots for ad placement according to the specific policies of FAST and AVOD platforms.
- Efficiently manage your content distribution by accessing predefined ad break policies tailored for various FAST/AVOD platforms and automatically exporting ad break markers that align with platform requirements.
- Join us at IBC 2023 for a demo of Ad Break Automation.
Prime Focus Technologies will showcase vendor-agnostic CLEAR® AI Platform for unparalleled speed and flexibility at IBC 2023
LOS ANGELES, Sept. 7, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Prime Focus Technologies (PFT) is thrilled to showcase its purpose-built CLEAR® AI Platform for the Media and Entertainment (M&E) industry at IBC 2023 .
- LOS ANGELES, Sept. 7, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Prime Focus Technologies (PFT) is thrilled to showcase its purpose-built CLEAR® AI Platform for the Media and Entertainment (M&E) industry at IBC 2023 .
- This represents a seismic shift in providing enterprises with a readily deployable, vendor-agnostic AI Platform, complete with AI modules and integrations, to accelerate their enterprise AI strategy with speed and innovation.
- "The goal of the CLEAR® AI Platform is "making AI development accessible to all."
- The CLEAR® AI Platform comes equipped with smart optimizations that utilize existing data and generate AI data only when necessary.
Prime Focus Technologies will showcase vendor-agnostic CLEAR® AI Platform for unparalleled speed and flexibility at IBC 2023
LOS ANGELES, Sept. 7, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Prime Focus Technologies (PFT) is thrilled to showcase its purpose-built CLEAR® AI Platform for the Media and Entertainment (M&E) industry at IBC 2023 .
- LOS ANGELES, Sept. 7, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Prime Focus Technologies (PFT) is thrilled to showcase its purpose-built CLEAR® AI Platform for the Media and Entertainment (M&E) industry at IBC 2023 .
- This represents a seismic shift in providing enterprises with a readily deployable, vendor-agnostic AI Platform, complete with AI modules and integrations, to accelerate their enterprise AI strategy with speed and innovation.
- "The goal of the CLEAR® AI Platform is "making AI development accessible to all."
- The CLEAR® AI Platform comes equipped with smart optimizations that utilize existing data and generate AI data only when necessary.
Right Networks expands intelligent cloud with the addition of SmartVault document management solution
The alliance will enable accounting firms and professionals to easily access and securely share sensitive client documents directly within their fully managed cloud environments from Right Networks.
- The alliance will enable accounting firms and professionals to easily access and securely share sensitive client documents directly within their fully managed cloud environments from Right Networks.
- “SmartVault and Right Networks are both on a mission to deliver purpose-built solutions to accounting firms and their clients,” said Gary Engel, Executive Vice President of Cloud Products at Right Networks.
- A document management system like SmartVault, paired with Right Networks, offers firms a far more secure way to request, store, e-sign and share files—enabling the business controls required across the full document lifecycle.
- Right Networks , a vertical cloud service provider, offers the only intelligent cloud purpose-built for accounting firms and professionals.