Long COVID symptoms can improve, but their resolution is slow and imperfect
Shortness of breath, brain fog, lethargy and tiredness, loss of smell or taste are common features of long COVID, as is the development of new conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, stroke, depression and dementia.
- Shortness of breath, brain fog, lethargy and tiredness, loss of smell or taste are common features of long COVID, as is the development of new conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, stroke, depression and dementia.
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When does COVID become long COVID? - This and other recently published studies on long COVID show that while symptoms do resolve in many people, their resolution is slow and imperfect.
What did the study find?
- The researchers followed 139,000 people with COVID and almost six million uninfected controls for two years, tracking deaths, hospitalisations and 80 long-term impacts of COVID, categorised into ten organ systems.
- After two years, this “hospitalised” group remained at increased risk of 50 conditions.
- This included a risk of clots and blood disorders, lung disease, fatigue, gut disorders, muscle and joint disorders and diabetes.
Findings from other recent research were similar
- The risk of death was concentrated in the first six months after infection.
- A third, not yet peer-reviewed and smaller cohort study of 341 people with long COVID from Spain, found only 7.6% of them recovered at two years.
- An Australian (not yet peer-reviewed) study followed 31 people who developed long COVID and 31 matched controls who recovered from COVID for two years.
- Finally, a recent whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and biopsy study showed prolonged tissue level immune-activation and viral persistence in the gut for up to a remarkable two years after COVID.
These studies have some limitations
- It’s important to note the observational studies have some inherent limitations.
- The US veterans cohort studied by Al-Aly is nearly 90% men, with an average age of 61 years, which is different to groups most at risk of long COVID.
We still don’t have treatments for long COVID
- In July 2023, the White House established the Office of Long COVID Research and Practice.
- Two randomised trials are testing whether the antiviral nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (Paxlovid) can treat long COVID are currently recruiting patients.
But it’s still important to prevent COVID (re)infections
- Taken together, these studies on the longevity of long COVID add substantially to the case to fast-track the development of interventions and therapies to prevent and/or cure the condition.
- In the meantime, it’s crucially important to prevent (re)infections in the first place to reduce the future burden of long COVID, already estimated to be greater than 65 million people globally.
- If you suspect you have long COVID, discuss this with your GP, who may refer you to specialised services or multidisciplinary care.