Gene pool

• But many of us forget a key fact about our dogs: they are predators.
• The impacts of domestic dogs on wildlife aren’t well studied, and likely vary depending on the environment.
• Nonetheless, there’s good evidence domestic dogs, when left unobserved, can have detrimental effects in the places they visit.

How dogs impact ecosystems

There are five main ways domestic dogs can negatively impact the natural environments they visit. These are:

• For one thing, there’s little overlap between diseases common in domestic dogs and Australian wildlife.
• There’s also little resource overlap, except perhaps in some areas where feral or semi-feral dogs live alongside dingoes.

Dogs can kill

• While smaller animals such as lizards, gliders and possums are at higher risk, larger species such as koalas can also fall prey to dogs.
• A study in Argentina’s Patagonia region details several cases of dogs decimating local penguin populations after gaining access to protected island areas during low tide.
• Not to mention, dog attacks on wildlife can bring risk to dogs as well.

The impact of harassment

• For example, certain threatened bird species will nest on the beach and find foraging opportunities based on the tides.
• One dog forcing one bird to abandon this important activity may have a small impact.

Keep an eye on your furry pal

• Training your dog to have general obedience – especially to come when called – is worth sinking considerable time and effort into.
• This can save both your dog and any wildlife they may be after.
• For instance, calling a dog away from a snake is one of the most effective ways of managing snake bite risk.
• Investing in a long leash will allow your dog more freedom without putting wildlife at risk.

• For small animals, even minor injuries from a dog will usually require veterinary attention.
• It’s our responsibility to be respectful visitors when we’re out in nature, and to make sure our dogs are too.

Melissa Starling owns Creature Teacher, an animal behaviour and training consulting business.

• Internet users revelled in the idea that a simple doge meme could impact the real world in such a dramatic way.
• At one time in our internet’s history, memes were perhaps regarded as mere playful and inconsequential byproducts of online culture.
• Memes are simultaneously a fascinating historical record of digital culture as well as the detritus of the cyber age.

What’s a doge?

• This is where the image was first paired with the word “doge” (and the word doge has its own separate history).
• Other memes have the capacity to hold so much meaning that they have impressive longevity and traverse endless iterations, mutations and politics.

What is a meme?

• We need a name for the new replicator, a noun that conveys the idea of a unit of cultural transmission, or a unit of imitation .
• ‘Mimeme’ comes from a suitable Greek root, but I want a monosyllable that sounds a bit like ‘gene’.
• As many concepts do, the term finally leeched out of the academic realm and into the popular vernacular.

What’s in a meme?

• The answer lies in understanding one of the most basic human drives: to communicate.
• Tens of thousands of years ago, prehistoric humans painted on cave walls to communicate what was important to them.
• They will help to archive the very earliest incarnations of how humans felt about communicating on digital platforms.
• They document – in fantastically messy and complex ways – how cultural material moves around, grows, dies and, in the case of doge, becomes born again.

• "These flavorless, odorless, colorless, immediately-impacting true water-soluble cannabinoids offer a cleaner, more sustainable and a higher quality alternative to the often smelly, bitter, brownish, oil-based products", said Alon Gal, Xinteza's CEO.
• Cannabinoids are lipophilic in nature, meaning that they dissolve in oil-based solvents but not in water.
• As reported previously , Xinteza has recently unveiled discoveries for an alternative patent-pending whole new non-cannabis source of cannabinoid biosynthesis related genes and enzymes.
• This newly discovered gene pool includes a novel prenyl-transferase enzyme , featuring superior kinetics and improved flexibility in introduction into micro-organism-based expression systems.

• As reported previously , Xinteza has recently unveiled discoveries for a patent-pending whole new non-cannabis source of cannabinoid biosynthesis related genes and enzymes.
• This newly discovered gene pool includes a novel prenyl-transferase enzyme, featuring superior kinetics and improved flexibility in introduction into micro-organism-based expression systems.
• "As we expand our IP's commercialization and collaboration activity, we are highly motivated by this pivotal discovery of such a key novel enzyme.
• "We continue to optimize commercial-scale processes of cannabinoid biosynthesis with the most sophisticated proprietary cannabinoid producing genes and enzymes from our growing portfolio", Gal added.