DNAS

• In addition, with the HiFi Plex Prep Kit 96 now including 384 validated barcode adapters, customers will have the groundbreaking ability to run 1,536 samples in a single Revio run.
• We are thrilled with the prospect of providing customers with meaningful options for scale that allow them to explore emerging applications."
• Engineered for efficiency, the new HiFi Prep Kit 96 and HiFi Plex Prep Kit 96 are designed to allow users the ability to automate long-read sequencing workflow steps and streamline the process of preparing, pooling, and loading samples.
• "The speed and ease of use of the HiFi Prep Kit 96 and HiFi Plex Prep Kit 96 has made it possible for us to use long-read sequencing as a high-throughput genotyping tool."

• Traditionally, carbon nanostructures have been employed as an immobilization platform for DNA.
• In order to substitute carbon with MoS2 as an effective electrochemical DNA sensor, the electrical conductivity of MoS2 needs to be improved considerably.
• The duo has developed an electrochemical DNA biosensor using a graphitic nano-onion/molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheet composite, which effectively detects human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 and HPV-18, and can serve as an early diagnosis of cervical cancer.
• Dr. Kang elaborates: "The DPV current peak was lowered after probe DNA chemisorption and target DNA hybridization.

• In a recent article from Nature Genetics_, scientists raise concerns over the social impacts of recent advances in genomics - i.e.
• the study of genomes, or in other words, the genetic material of an individual or species.
• In passages bringing to mind the dystopian sci-fi film Gattaca, they describe a near future in which one’s DNA could foretell one’s physical and intellectual abilities and near-perfect children be conceived in vitro.

What is a GWAS?

• The markers can be considered as small flags planted along the genome, each flag having two possible colours (the alleles).
• The idea behind GWAS is that an association between a marker and a trait allows for the detection of genetic factors independently of environmental factors.

A new market

• 23andMe managed to keep its doors open by changing its approach and collecting DNA to map out the geographical origins of people’s ancestors.
• An important part of these DNAs has been made available to scientific teams, allowing them to perform and publish GWAS on huge samples.
• Four years later, a study based on 3 million individuals found the number of genetic factors multiplied by 4.

The mistaken assumptions behind Polygenic Risk Scores

• The problem is that these conclusions are based on erroneous assumptions and misinterpretation of associations between the traits to be predicted and genetic markers.
• Indeed, Polygenic Risk Scores are specifically based on assumptions put forward in 1965 by Douglas Scott Falconer.

Misinterpretations of the GWAS studies

• Another problem is that Polygenic Risk Scores are based on a flawed interpretation of the GWAS studies.
• For if the link between a trait and genetic marker could indeed indicate a genetic factor, this remains to be confirmed by subsequent family and functional studies.
• For example, a GWAS study comparing people in France who consume salted butter with those who consume unsalted butter would show a large number of genetic markers associated with this trait.

Sociological consequences

• The IQ variable was originally thought out as a tool to measure the adequacy of a child to a given school programme.
• It is not a universal and timeless measure of cognitive abilities, or even of intelligence.

Ethical implications

• In his presidential address to the American Society of Human Genetics in 2015 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26942276/ref], geneticist Neil Risch mischievously commented the approach and conclusions.
• He calculated the scores of Craig Venter (pioneer of human genome sequencing) and James Watson (co-discoverer of the DNA structure).
• Risch humorously concluded that a below-average score was enough to land a Nobel Prize or the Medal of Science.

A flawed genetic model

• But they merely raise ethical issues, failing to stress, in the process, that the root of the problem remains an inappropriate genetic model and the misinterpretation of associations with genetic markers.
• Yet to deny the validity of genetic predictions of complex traits is not to deny the effect of genetic factors on these traits.

• The "Oligonucleotide Synthesis Market - Growth, Trends, COVID-19 Impact, and Forecasts (2022 - 2027)" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.
• The growth of the oligonucleotide synthesis market is due to the increasing government investments and R&D expenditure in pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and the use of synthesized oligonucleotides in molecular diagnostics and clinical applications.
• They are very useful for carrying out molecular diagnosis in several diseases, like the detection of infectious diseases, such as hepatitis.
• For instance, In January 2020, the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) initiated the "Genome India Project" (GIP).