Nobel Prize in Physics

• High quality graphene is the lightest, strongest and most electrically and thermally conductive material ever discovered.
• 1 technology futurist and legendary stock picker George Gilder recently predicted that graphene will have an $11.5 trillion impact.
• In a few short years, graphene is going to touch the lives of virtually every person, every day.”
  More than 200 companies claim to manufacture graphene materials, but Avadain is the only company with a known technology to manufacture LTDF graphene flakes.
• “Harcros wants to take a first mover position by supplying the market for high value, high tech applications which require LTDF graphene flakes.”

• LONDON, Oct. 10, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Clarivate Plc (NYSE:CLVT), a global leader in connecting people and organizations to intelligence they can trust to transform their world, today celebrates the four new Nobel Laureates who were accurately identified as potential Nobel Prize recipients.
• Every year, the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI)™ at Clarivate interprets the high-quality citation data in the Web of Science™ to identify researchers of Nobel class who may be future Nobel Prize recipients.
• Four of this year's Nobel Laureates in three categories (Physics, Chemistry and Economics) were identified as being of Nobel class as far back as 2012.
• The four Citation Laureates named as Nobel Laureates in 2023 are:
  The 2023 Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L'Huillier "for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter".

• Each October, physics is in the news with the awarding of the Nobel Prize.
• To take just a few examples, Nobel-winning physics has given us portable computers, efficient LED lighting, climate modelling and radiation treatment of cancer.

Thin magnets and portable computers

• In the late 1980s, Grünberg and Fert (and their research groups) were independently studying very thin layers of magnets.
• However, their findings led to something we now take for granted: portable computers.
• The discovery of giant magnetoresistance allowed for the development of far more sensitive sensors, which in turn made hard disk drives and computers smaller.

A light bulb moment

• In fact, less than 10% of the energy they consume goes to producing light.
• In the 1980s, scientists realised light emitting diodes, or LEDs – small electronic components that emit light of a specific colour – would make more efficient light sources.
• When an electron moves from one energy level to another inside the material, it emits light of a specific colour.
• All three colours of light (red, green and blue) would be needed to produce the kind of white light people want in their homes and workplaces.

Climate models, radiation and beyond

• Yet another example also comes to mind, the study of a chaotic and complex system with great importance to us all: Earth’s climate.
• Half of the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics was given to Syukuro Manabe and Klaus Hasselmann, scientists who developed early models for Earth’s weather and climate.
• The study of nuclear radiation led to the development of nuclear weapons, but also to radiation treatment for cancer.

• An optical frequency comb (OFC) [1] is an optical signal that has a comb-like emission line spectrum on the frequency axis and is used for optical frequency measurement and precise frequency conversion from light to microwave.
• On the other hand, as the EO comb moves away from the seed light source on the frequency axis, microwave noise is superimposed and the frequency becomes unstable, so the frequency must be stabilized.
• NTT and Tokyo Denki University have been researching technology to stabilize the frequency of EO comb [8].
• Applications of optical frequency measurement:
  As a stabilized EO comb application, NTT focused on absolute optical frequency measurement technology and determined the optical frequency fs of the seed light source.