Civil rights leader James Lawson, who learned from Gandhi, used nonviolent resistance and the ‘power of love’ to challenge injustice
Lawson is best known for piloting two crucial civil rights campaigns – one in Nashville in 1960 and the other in Memphis in 1968.
- Lawson is best known for piloting two crucial civil rights campaigns – one in Nashville in 1960 and the other in Memphis in 1968.
- In Nashville, Lawson trained students in the systematic use of nonviolent pressure.
- Following the example of Mahatma Gandhi, who used nonviolent resistance to challenge the British occupation of India, students engaged in collective nonviolent direct action.
- By 1968, Lawson had established himself as the leading authority on nonviolent conflict, a fact to which King himself attested.
Early influences
- His father, James M. Lawson Sr., was an African Methodist Episcopal minister who carried a pistol on his hip, perhaps an odd influence for an advocate of nonviolence.
- Lawson also closely followed the work of the Congress of Racial Equality as it challenged segregation laws with nonviolent direct action in the early 1940s.
- Lawson began to see that he had an opportunity: He could challenge segregation, and he could use nonviolence to do it.
- He said: “I made the commitment that … I’m not going to be disciplined, contorted into something that I’m not.”
Nonviolence and segregation laws
- Required to register for the draft, Lawson concluded he would not cooperate: “There were certain laws that the Christian had to disobey: the laws of segregation and the laws of conscription.
- So then I sent back my draft cards and said I could no longer cooperate with it.” He felt that conscription laws had the same fundamental problem as segregation laws.
- Lawson sought to better understand Gandhian principles so he could apply them to battling Jim Crow segregation, racism and violence.
- Lawson taught his students that Jim Crow laws were designed to make Black Americans both feel and act like second-class citizens.