Ganymede

• SciNote users will now be able to leverage Ganymede's data platform to integrate data from any lab instrument, run streamlined analysis using their favorite apps, and automatically tag and enter experimental results into the appropriate notebook entries.
• SciNote ELN, a comprehensive electronic lab notebook, offers scientists a solution with their secure and user-friendly platform to record, organize, and analyze their research data.
• "A challenge we see our users face every day is the increasing scale of data, coming from a variety of sources within the lab," notes Brendan McCorkle, CEO of SciNote.
• With Ganymede's unique Lab-as Code technology, SciNote now extends its offerings to include integrated connectivity and data interoperability with all instruments and software platforms.

• The medical headphones will significantly reduce MRI noise and provide patient comfort as well as improving patient - operator communication during MRI examinations.
• (Photo: Business Wire)
  “At NordicNeuroLab we are very pleased to have selected USound as our supplier for MEMS loudspeakers to our new MRI compatible nordicAudioSystem.
• The technology USound provides allow NordicNeuroLab to bring a state of the art audio system to patients undergoing MRI scans.”
  “We are delighted to announce another important milestone for USound.
• Our patient-safe MEMS speaker from the Ganymede series, Achelous UT-P2016, has been selected for the production of NordicNeuroLab’s state-of-the-art headphones for MRI screenings.

Impact cratering happens on every solid body in the Solar System. In fact, it is the dominant process affecting the surfaces on most extraterrestrial bodies today. On Earth, however, such craters are often lost over time by active geological processes, but elsewhere in the Solar System there are some truly majestic examples of impact craters preserved for all to see. Here, we pick our highlights of what the Solar System has to offer.

1. South Pole–Aitken basin, the Moon

• Our first crater is a big one: the biggest, deepest and oldest impact crater on the Moon.
• It is 2,500km diameter, 6.2 to 8.2km deep and formed roughly 4.2 billion years ago.
• As the name suggests, it is at the south pole on the far side of the Moon, although the crater rim can be seen from Earth as a dark mountain range, just on the border between the light and dark side of the moon.

2. Unnamed Crater (S1094b), Mars

• There are many famous craters on Mars, from the homes of Mars rovers (Gale Crater for Curiosity or Jezero for Perseverance) to the hypothesised source regions of Mars meteorites (Tooting or Mojave).
• While Mars rovers claim all the glory for exploring the Martian surface, the satellites orbiting Mars have been making discoveries of their own for decades.

3. Enki Catena, Ganymede

• Enki Catena is a chain crater on Ganymede, one of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter.
• At latest count, Jupiter has more than 90 moons, a mini planetary system of its own.
• There are also strings of craters found on two of the moons, Callisto and Ganymede.
• Enki Catena is a chain of 13 craters which crosses from an area of dark to bright terrain on Ganymede.

4. Occator Crater, Ceres

• The Occator crater on Ceres is impressive because it contains a bright spot in the centre that has been observed both from space, and from Earth at Mauna Kea Observatory, Hawaii.
• NASA’s Dawn mission entered an orbit around Ceres in 2015, and imaged the bright spot in Occator crater known as “Spot 5”.

5. Aurelia, Venus

• It is when it comes to size, but the surface images we have of Venus show the planets have very different features.
• Venus has a thick cloudy atmosphere, and visible-light cameras can’t see through to the surface.
• Speaking of volcanoes on Venus, recently a group from the University of Alaska Fairbanks used this Magellan data to find the first active volcano on Venus NASA has three Venus missions in development over the next 10 years, so hopefully soon we will know much more about our enigmatic twin.

• This is one of the mysteries that the space mission JUICE (for JUpiter ICy moons Explorer), set to be launched from Kourou, French Guiana, on Thursday 13 April 2023 at 12.14 p.m. UT, will look to elucidate.
• Through this mission, the agency has also managed the feat of placing JUICE on the launch pad only 11 years after the project was greenlit.
• France’s team, of which I am a part, also helped develop six of JUICE’s ten state-of-the-art scientific instruments.

Stretching science’s boundaries

Jupiter is both the largest planet in our solar system and the one with the most moons. To date, estimates of their number hover between 82 and 95, most of which have been discovered in the last two decades. JUICE is the first mission to receive more than 1 billion euros of funding as part of the ESA’s Cosmic Vision programme. It seeks to address four main questions:
JUICE was chosen ahead of other proposed missions because it was designed to address the first and last of these questions. The Hubble Space Telescope and NASA’s space probes Voyager, Galileo, Juno have already picked up some clues either by direct observation or deduction.

“Ocean moons” containing more water than the Earth

• NASA’s Galileo was the first to discover water on the moons in 1995.
• Data captured by the space probe revealed gigantic liquid oceans not only under the crusts of its three icy moons, Callisto, Europa and Ganymed, but also on its volcanic moon, Io.


The Galilean moons further enjoy the gravitational energy of Jupiter, creating significant tidal effects and allowing the last two conditions above to be met.

Why Ganymed is the main objective

Ganymed is set to studied in much more depth by JUICE than Callisto and Europa. This is not only because it is the largest moon in the Solar System, but also an ocean moon with its own magnetic field. Similarly to the Earth’s magnetosphere, Ganymede’s has the potential to protect life by diverting the flow of cosmic rays and radiative particles from Jupiter’s radiation belts.

JUICE, a probe of the extreme

• JUICE will also have to cope with extreme temperatures, ranging from +250°C as it flies by Venus to -230°C in the Jovian system.
• To maintain a stable internal temperature, the spacecraft has been coated with a multilayer thermal insulation made out of grey silicon aluminium alloy, earning the probe the nickname “silver beauty”.

An energy problem

• Around Jupiter, which is five times further from the Sun than Earth, the satellite will receive 25 times less solar energy than it would around Earth.
• The spacecraft does not carry a radioactive battery because Europe is not yet able to produce them industrially, unlike the United States, Russia and China.

Ten scientific instruments on board

• Of these instruments, France – with assistance from Italy – chiefly engineered the Moons and Jupiter Imaging Spectrometer (MAJIS).
• This will enable us to identify landing sites for future in situ exploration, and evaluate the structure and dynamics of Jupiter’s atmosphere.
• Finally, it should be noted that JUICE’s plans may be revised based on the latest results from NASA’s Juno mission.