Emotional dysregulation

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• This represents a victory for BPD clients and advocacy organizations including the bill's sponsor, California Council of Community Behavioral Health Agencies (CBHA), Emotions Matter, and the National Education Alliance for Borderline Personality Disorder.
• Approximately 1.6% of the U. S. population is affected by borderline personality disorder (BPD), a highly stigmatized mental illness characterized by emotional dysregulation, self-harm and suicidality.
• "Passing AB1412 demonstrates the power of grassroots advocacy to engage in legislative efforts to increase BPD education," commented Abby Ingber, Executive Director of the National Education Alliance for Borderline Personality Disorder.
• The National Education Alliance for Borderline Personality Disorder is a 501c3 non-profit organization to provide education, decrease stigma, promote research, and enhance the quality of life of those affected by BPD.

• Managing a child’s screen time when they’re home sick from school has taken on a whole new dimension.
• For many parents, the challenge of juggling work and caring for a sick child at home inevitably leads to more TV or iPad.

Illness should not automatically equal unlimited screens

• The answer depends on several factors and understanding these elements can help parents manage their child’s screen time effectively and healthily.
• Still, we should also try to avoid a pattern where every minor illness is seen as a gateway to endless screen time.
• Over time, this could lead to a situation where children might exaggerate or even feign symptoms of illness to gain extra screen time.

How old is your child?

• The Australian screen time guidelines for young children and toddlers are less than those for older children.
• This means more guidance and support is needed to manage younger children’s use of screens.
• There are also continued concerns about the mental health impacts of young people’s social media use.

How sick is your child?

• Some illnesses, such as high fever or flu, necessitate ample rest to aid recovery.
• The stimulating effects of screen light can disrupt a child’s sleep, hindering the rest and recovery process.

What are the pre-existing rules in your house?

• Having a baseline – even if it is more generous – makes some screen time limits during a sick day an expected norm.
• Maintaining these rules can help prevent a free-for-all scenario, which could complicate matters once the child recovers and needs to readjust to their regular schedule.
• On the other hand, if there are no pre-existing rules for non-school days, introducing snap strict screen time regulations when a child is unwell may not be the best approach.

Keep an eye on things

• Consider supporting decisions that help them rest and then switch off after an agreed period.
• It’s also of course essential to distinguish between entertainment screen use and schoolwork that must be completed on a computer or tablet.
• Jordy Kaufman has received funding from the Australian Department of Education and Training to research children’s use of technology for education.

• ADHD is diagnosed using criteria from a document called DSM-5, which include symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity.
• But it is becoming increasingly clear to researchers that the condition also comes with self-control problems, affecting the ability to regulate emotions.
• For example, 2.1% of children with a diagnosis of ADHD also have a mood disorder, such as depression, while 27.4% have an anxiety disorder.
• Children with anxiety and depression symptoms only exhibited those deficits if they also had problems with attention.
• So it seems that one possible route to helping children with ADHD or mood disorders with cognitive development is to focus on improving their attention.

Treatments

• Methylphenidate roughly works by increasing three chemicals in the brain: dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline.
• Dopamine can improve attention, learning, working memory and motivation, while noradrenaline reduces impulsivity and boosts attention.
• This research suggests that cognitive control, which is associated with frontal areas, can be improved by methylphenidate.
• This should be offered to children with ADHD, in conjunction with pharmacological treatments.

ADHD on the rise

• The number of ADHD diagnoses are rising across the world, and so are prescriptions of methylphenidate.
• In the UK, a study estimated that the use of ADHD medications has increased by almost 800% from 2000 to 2015.
• It may be that the prevalence of ADHD will increase even more in the future as coping strategies become less effective and people seek help and ultimately receive a diagnosis.
• The more we learn about brain basis of ADHD, the easier it will get to treat.