Bacteria

• A subset of T cells, labeled with the surface protein CD8, produce molecules that directly kill infected cells.
• B cells produce antibody proteins that neutralize and label infected cells for removal from the body.
• The mRNA vaccines deployed against COVID-19 were based on RNA, a genetic material used to encode the spike protein that the virus needs to attach to human cells.
• "Although our study looks at mRNA vaccination against coronavirus, the antigen-specific CD8+ T cell subpopulations we uncover represent key features of immune responses more broadly, and may help us to study T cells in other disease settings."

• Wound Week is a leading multidisciplinary meeting of wound care professionals that presents cutting-edge clinical findings and best practices presented by its expert faculty.
• "The evidence is irrefutable," says Dr. Thomas Serena, the Founder and Medical Director of The SerenaGroup®.
• "We are thrilled with the significant additional clinical evidence being presented at Wound Week 2023 showing the impressive results derived from MolecuLight point-of-care devices," says Anil Amlani, MolecuLight's CEO.
• "The clinical insights that are informed by the MolecuLight platform span the wound care continuum, including wound hygiene, wound bed preparation, antimicrobial stewardship, and patient engagement (through the incorporation of MolecuLight).

• This growth is expected to be driven by factors such as increasing demand for drinkable water, the biocidal properties of bronopol, and its diverse applications in various industries.
• It is available as crystals or crystalline powder, typically in white or pale yellow shades depending on iron content.
• How has the global bronopol market performed to date, and what are the growth prospects in the coming years?
• Who are the key players in the global bronopol market, and what is the competitive landscape?

• Antimicrobial resistance – the ability of microorganisms to resist drugs that have been developed to control them – is a severe problem in African countries.
• The continent has the highest global burden of antimicrobial-resistant infections, with 114.8 deaths per 100,000 people.

• Physicians need laboratory data to choose the right antibiotic, at the right dose, for the right period of time.
• This can lead to choosing ineffective antibiotics, which can lead to increases in resistant bacteria.
• In other words, to develop a list of what bacteria are prevalent in the region and which drugs work against them.
• To accomplish this, we recently conducted a study of multidrug-resistant bacteria obtained from patients in six hospitals in northern Nigeria.

Drug-resistant bacteria in Nigeria

• We chose to analyse bacteria that are resistant to more than one drug because they are the biggest challenge when treating infections.
• We found that about 85% of the bacteria isolated from infections were resistant to the most commonly used antibiotics.
• The good news was that two antibiotics, tigecycline and fosfomycin, remained very active even against highly resistant strains of bacteria.

Genetic mechanisms

• This was done to understand what made these organisms so resistant to antibiotics at the molecular level.
• The data revealed an astonishingly high number of genetic mechanisms making the microorganisms resistant.
• In some cases, the genetic information encoding resistance was capable of being shared among other microorganisms.

The need for antimicrobial stewardship

• Some of the resistance genes were capable of moving from one microorganism to another (mobile resistance genes).
• Antimicrobial stewardship based on laboratory data is effective especially if done locally, regionally and nationally.

Antimicrobial resistance is everyone’s concern

• Read more:
  Antimicrobial resistance calls for brainpower of a space agency and campaigning zeal of an NGO

  Fourth, there are things that everyone can do to help bring antibiotic resistance under control.

• For example, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention list five things that everyone should know about drug resistance and 10 activities to protect yourself and your family against resistance.
• He is affiliated with the International Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.