Google

Canadian government's battle with big tech platforms and what it means for the future of journalism

Retrieved on: 
Thursday, August 10, 2023

The Online News Act, known as Bill C-18, passed in June 2023 but is yet to come into force.

Key Points: 
  • The Online News Act, known as Bill C-18, passed in June 2023 but is yet to come into force.
  • In response, it is reported that Meta has begun to block news stories from its sites Facebook and Instagram.
  • Meta’s decision to block news from its platforms is likely to make life even harder for the country’s news industry.

The Australian experience

    • This has already been happening in Australia where similar legislation was passed in 2021.
    • In response to the Australian law, Facebook (as it was then) initially blocked all news content before relenting and agreeing on a news media bargaining code.
    • This enabled media companies to negotiate with platforms and has reportedly resulted in revenues of about AUD$200 million (£102 million) flowing to news organisations.

Funding quality journalism

    • It’s tempting to focus on the stand off between online media and the government on this matter, but the debate obscures a far deeper issue that societies are wrestling with all over the world: how do we fund quality journalism in an era of fast media?
    • Research shows that the vast majority of people under the age of 30 get their news via mobile devices.

Future of journalism

    • This is why the aim, if not the effect, of Canada’s new legislation should be seen as worthy.
    • It’s an attempt to preserve a form of mainstream journalism by encouraging a negotiated future between legacy media and online media.
    • Without an organic shift in public trust in the value of high-quality journalism, there will be further erosion to the idea that there is a necessary, public good brought uniquely by our professional news media – which would leave democracy all the poorer.

Why Meta is allowing users to see the inner workings of its new AI chatbot

Retrieved on: 
Wednesday, August 9, 2023

Microsoft has been appointed as Meta’s preferred partner on Llama 2, which will be available through the Windows operating system.

Key Points: 
  • Microsoft has been appointed as Meta’s preferred partner on Llama 2, which will be available through the Windows operating system.
  • Meta’s approach with Llama 2 contrasts with that of the company OpenAI, which created the AI chatbot ChatGPT.
  • That’s because Meta has made its product open source – meaning that the original code is freely available, allowing it to be researched and modified.
  • In February 2023, Meta released its first version of the LLM, called Llama, but made it available for academic use only.

Guaranteed benefits

    • Meta’s engineers are known for their development of products to aid developers such as React and PyTorch.
    • Through shared wisdom and collective exploration, users can identify erroneous information and any vulnerabilities that could be exploited by criminals.
    • But there are limits to how far Meta will allow Llama 2 users to commercialise its AI system.
    • Only time will reveal the full impact of this decision, but the immediate effects on the industry are already resonating far and wide.

Advantages and pitfalls for users

    • The public’s watchful eye may reveal flaws in LLMs, prompting the development of defences against them.
    • On the downside, concerns have emerged that this is akin to “handing a knife to criminals”, as it could also allow malicious users to exploit the technology.
    • For example, its power could help fraudsters build a dialogue system that generates plausible automated conversations for telephone scams.
    • As LLM technologies continue to evolve, the stakes are high, and the path forward is laden with both opportunities and challenges.

Worldcoin is scanning eyeballs to build a global ID and finance system. Governments are not impressed

Retrieved on: 
Tuesday, August 8, 2023

The silver spheres, known as “Orbs”, are part of the Worldcoin platform, which officially launched in July 2023 after an 18-month testing phase.

Key Points: 
  • The silver spheres, known as “Orbs”, are part of the Worldcoin platform, which officially launched in July 2023 after an 18-month testing phase.
  • Governments are taking note: the Worldcoin platform has already been suspended in Kenya, and is under investigation in several other countries.

Gaze into the Orb

    • The Orb uses iris scans to uniquely identify a person.
    • The Worldcoin website currently lists 60 Orb locations worldwide, particularly in Europe, Asia, North America and South America, and notes there will also be Orb “pop-ups”.
    • At the time of writing, there appear to be no Orb locations in Australia, so people in Australia cannot earn WLD tokens “for being human”.

Cash for eyeballs jeopardises human rights

    • Independent reporting suggests the promise of “free” cryptocurrency was a more common motive.
    • In most locations, Worldcoin offers a “genesis grant” of 25 units of its WLD cryptocurrency when users scan their irises.
    • (The value of WLD fluctuates, but the grant has been worth around US$50, or $A75, over the past month.)
    • Offering money for sensitive data arguably makes privacy – a human right – a luxury only the wealthy can afford.

‘Cataloguing eyeballs’: the risks of using biometric data

    • Unlike a driver’s licence or a passport, you cannot replace your iris if the data is compromised.
    • Surveillance whistleblower Edward Snowden has criticised Worldcoin for “cataloguing eyeballs”, and tweeted about the unacceptable risks:
      Don’t use biometrics for anything.
    • In either case, the user must simply trust the company to delete the biometric data, or appropriately secure it against misuse.
    • Journalist Eileen Guo also points out that Worldcoin has not yet clarified whether it still uses stored biometric data to train AI models and whether it has deleted biometric data collected during its test phase.

Regulatory action

    • Regulators in several countries are taking action.
    • The Kenyan government has now suspended Worldcoin’s activities, stating regulatory concerns surrounding the project “require urgent action”.

Wild bird feeding surged worldwide during lockdowns. That's good for people, but not necessarily for the birds

Retrieved on: 
Wednesday, August 2, 2023

Feeding wild birds in backyards was already known to be extremely popular in many parts of the northern hemisphere and in Australia, despite being strongly discouraged.

Key Points: 
  • Feeding wild birds in backyards was already known to be extremely popular in many parts of the northern hemisphere and in Australia, despite being strongly discouraged.
  • But the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns led to a dramatic increase in wild bird feeding around the world, our research published today shows.
  • On the other hand, engaging with wild birds in this way is now recognised as one of the most effective ways people can connect with nature.
  • There is strong evidence that spending time in natural settings is good for people’s wellbeing and mental health.

What did the study look at?

    • We wondered whether interest in feeding birds might have increased similarly as well.
    • To be included in our study, some cost was required; discarded food scraps were not counted as feeding.
    • It was important to go beyond the countries where we already knew feeding was common.
    • Read more:
      Biodiversity and our brains: how ecology and mental health go together in our cities

What explains the change?

    • The backyard or nearby park became the focus of attention, perhaps for the first time.
    • Presumably, it’s because of the relative intimacy associated with being able to attract wild, unrestrained creatures to visit by simply providing some food.
    • Birds will visit a feeder in a private garden, a public park or even a balcony on a residential tower.

And what difference does bird diversity make?

    • Countries that lacked bird-related search interest had an average of 294 bird species.
    • This clear difference suggests that having a greater variety of species prompts more bird feeding.
    • Nonetheless, our method was able to detect a surge of interest in bird feeding in countries such as Pakistan and Kenya.
    • We hope future studies can further analyse the global extent of bird feeding and capture more data in previously understudied countries.


    Read more:
    Yes it's okay to feed wild birds in your garden, as long as it's the right food

Friday essay: how philosophy can help us become better friends

Retrieved on: 
Thursday, July 27, 2023

In our romantic lives, we search for the “one” to be with for life.

Key Points: 
  • In our romantic lives, we search for the “one” to be with for life.
  • It is easy to think about friends as people who come and go with the seasons of life.
  • There is a case to be made that friendship is not the third wheel to these other, more significant relationships.
  • I tried to explain to him what I was thinking, why I could not believe what I used to believe.
  • But friendship remains perplexing – not least because it is hard to separate it from other kinds of love relationships.

The importance of being different

    • We seem to be obsessed with romantic love as the key to a fulfilling life.
    • Falling in love, and falling in love for life, is supposed to be the highest relationship goal.
    • One of his objections is that romantic love can manifest as a desire to disappear into the other person, a kind of mutual self-dissolution.
    • Putting aside whether all romantic love is like this (or only unhealthy versions of it), I think there is some truth here.
    • According to Nietzsche, however, great friendship includes an expectation that the other person will pull away, push back, critique.

Intimate knowledge

    • It might not seem feasible to include genuine enmity and opposition in your intimate life, but I would argue it is both possible and useful to have personal enmity in an intimate relationship.
    • And we can see here how to solve the problem of bad romance.
    • A.C. Grayling, an eminent British philosopher, has reflected on the problem of romance and friendship in his book Friendship (2013).
    • Grayling can’t escape the basic assumption that friendship and romance are separate kinds of experiences, that one can’t mingle with the other.
    • Read more:
      Sex, lies and Hegel: did the intimate lives of philosophers shape their ideas?

Giving and Taking

    • Another insight from Nietzsche has to do with giving and taking.
    • His idea of great friendship suggests it is OK to be selfish in our most intimate relationships.
    • The idea that self-sacrifice is moral and selfishness is immoral has a long tradition.
    • It is, rather, the kind of love where you put other people ahead of yourself as a kind of relationship goal.
    • There is an expectation that mothers and fathers (but especially mothers) will sacrifice themselves for the wellbeing of their children.
    • This means it is OK to be in a relationship for what you can get out of it.

Virtue, pleasure, advantage

    • You can see something like this in Aristotle, who thought friendships were based on one of three things: virtue, pleasure or advantage.
    • Pleasure friendships are about the enjoyment a person can derive from an intimate connection.
    • Friendships of advantage are based on what each person can gain from the other.
    • What if someone wants you be their friend so they can provide you with some sort of advantage?
    • One of the most important ways to look after yourself is to foster great friendships.

Contest

    • This idea about friendship has a broader context, which can be seen in Nietzsche’s way of thinking about relationships in general.
    • He starts with the ancient Greeks, for whom contest was an essential part of their social lives.
    • For him, contest is at the centre of every intimate human connection.
    • It is the form of relationship best suited to sustaining contest between individuals, without rancour or domination.

A new TikTok trend has people drinking toxic borax. An expert explains the risks – and how to read product labels

Retrieved on: 
Tuesday, July 25, 2023

A potentially dangerous trend has gained prominence on TikTok, with a number of people mixing borax into water and drinking it for supposed health benefits.

Key Points: 
  • A potentially dangerous trend has gained prominence on TikTok, with a number of people mixing borax into water and drinking it for supposed health benefits.
  • Social media platforms have been host to many dangerous “challenges” – and users have been dosing themselves with questionable substances for years.

What is borax?

    • It comes in the form of a colourless crystalline solid that can easily be dissolved in water.
    • Borax and the related boric acid are commonly used in household products including laundry cleaning products, wood preservers, fertilisers, contact lens solution and ant killers.

Don’t confuse borax with boron

    • And although the element boron specifically is considered essential for plants and some animals, its role in the functioning of the human body is less clear.
    • Boron can be found in some of the foods we eat, such as grapes and potatoes, but isn’t classified as an essential nutrient.
    • The very small amount of boron your body may need can be safely obtained by eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables.

How dangerous is borax?

    • In toxicology, the median lethal dose, or LD50, is the approximate dose required to kill half the animals in a population being studied.
    • The LD50 for borax in rats is about 5g per kilogram of body weight.
    • But just because a dose won’t kill, that doesn’t mean it isn’t harmful – and it definitely doesn’t mean it’s good for you.

Safety first, last and always

    • One notable example was the “Tide pod challenge”, in which users recorded themselves biting or eating laundry pods.
    • The consumption of laundry pods has caused a number of deaths (although these can’t necessarily be linked to the Tide pod challenge).
    • Yet such substances can’t always be avoided – so the best protection is to understand the dangers associated with them.
    • If you have been exposed to a potentially harmful substance, call your local poison information centre or seek medical attention.

What are 'Advance' and 'Fair Australia', and why are they spearheading the 'no' campaign on the Voice?

Retrieved on: 
Tuesday, July 25, 2023

But where the nostalgically minded group might have selected a name that, like its progressive counterpart, sounded a call to action – WakeUP!

Key Points: 
  • But where the nostalgically minded group might have selected a name that, like its progressive counterpart, sounded a call to action – WakeUP!
  • “Advance Australia” – now simply called Advance after the word Australia was mysteriously dropped – is a title that hints at progress and modernisation.
  • If that’s not confusing enough, Advance, and FA, are fronted by Peter Dutton’s hand-picked shadow minister for Indigenous Australians, Senator Jacinta Nampijinpa Price.

Waging war on ‘woke’

    • This “army” of democratic defenders, however, may be less of a “grassroots” movement than it claims.
    • A glance at the Australian Electoral Commission’s transparency register of Significant Third Parties shows Advance has received substantial repeat donations above the $14,500 declaration threshold.
    • Former Greens senator Lidia Thorpe is also leading a charge against the Voice on behalf of the “Blak Sovereign Movement”.
    • “The hypocrisy of elites railing at elites, however, rarely registers with the target audience,” noted Crikey’s Bernard Keane recently.

Borrowed from the US

    • The “freedom of mainstream values” may seem like a contradiction in terms, but it only needs to make sense as political messaging.
    • This imported “freedom” agenda is ably buttressed by two other headings, security and prosperity.
    • But you wouldn’t know it from the way woke politicians and the inner city elites carry on.
    • From attacks on Australia Day and the Anzacs by the ABC to the brutal pandemic lockdowns […]
      We believe Australia is a free country.
    • But you wouldn’t know it from the way woke politicians and the inner city elites carry on.
    • Signatures on its longest-running public petitions reveal its “fightback” is a more of a boutique rebellion than a popular uprising.

Record technostress and reduced well-being show that remote working isn’t as good as we thought

Retrieved on: 
Tuesday, July 25, 2023

Up until a few months ago, many employers and government bodies had been extensively promoting the practice, albeit mainly for safety and security reasons.

Key Points: 
  • Up until a few months ago, many employers and government bodies had been extensively promoting the practice, albeit mainly for safety and security reasons.
  • Other upsides have been amply documented by both the media and academia: more time spent with loved ones, and reduced transportation costs, commuting time, and air pollution.

When technostress flares up

    • In our latest paper in the Journal of Business Research we looked at how our excessive reliance on technology in both our work and personal lives during the pandemic impacted our technostress levels.
    • To answer this question, we surveyed 306 British workers who were employed (mostly full-time) before and at the time of the survey, in July 2020.

Experienced remote workers suffered less

    • However, the study results also show that employees with previous remote working experience coped better with technostress than individuals with none.
    • Experienced remote workers also happened to better manage working applications and time at large.
    • But past a certain time, even experienced remote workers succumbed to stress and experience feelings of alienation.
    • A single remote worker aged 40 years old declared:
      “During the Covid-19 lockdown and after, my productivity has increased as I no longer have to commute to work, and I can’t have casual chats with colleagues in the office.

The problem of loneliness

    • A forced prolonged situation of working from home can alienate workers and create a sense of loneliness over time.
    • Indeed, remote working is associated with fewer face-to-face meetings, interpersonal communication, bonding, community building, and brainstorming, however fundamental the latter may be for innovative companies.
    • It appears that the working from home mode is not, after all, going to be the “new normal” in the post-pandemic world.

The Taylor Swift Official State Sandwich: Politicians understand that Swifties are a key demographic

Retrieved on: 
Monday, July 24, 2023

But as a political scientist, I was intrigued by something else: reaction to the tour by government officials.

Key Points: 
  • But as a political scientist, I was intrigued by something else: reaction to the tour by government officials.
  • New Jersey renamed the state’s famed Taylor ham, egg and cheese in her honor – it’s now the “Taylor Swift Ham, Egg, and Cheese” official state sandwich.
  • While these honors make for great photo opportunities for Swifties, the politics of these moves is worth examining.

Celebrities can help politicians

    • Unlike many celebrities, Swift does not involve herself much in politics.
    • One particular tool of politicians looking to boost their numbers is to get celebrity endorsements.
    • Cooper easily won reelection in his heavily Democratic Nashville-based district.
    • Although Swift’s endorsements likely did not sway these particular races, celebrity endorsements can matter in close races, particularly when the celebrity making the endorsement is viewed favorably – a likely scenario in Swift’s case.

Fawning = attention

    • This is a higher favorability rating than Joe Biden, Donald Trump and both major political parties.
    • We’re not talking about endorsements here, though – we’re talking about politicians aligning themselves with Swift with no reciprocity.
    • One clear benefit to public officials fawning over Swift?
    • Attention – not unlike that seen for Bredesen and Cooper in 2018.

Taylor Swift Post Office?

    • There’s an economic angle to this, of course, as a Swift tour stop can generate huge sums in consumer spending.
    • In the U.S., however, the honorifics bestowed upon Swift have come since her tour dates were confirmed.
    • Taylor Swift is an enormously popular figure, particularly among demographic groups that will be increasingly important in future American elections.

6 ways AI can make political campaigns more deceptive than ever

Retrieved on: 
Friday, July 21, 2023

The next day Bush responded by releasing an ad saying Kerry “supported higher taxes over 350 times.” This too was a false claim.

Key Points: 
  • The next day Bush responded by releasing an ad saying Kerry “supported higher taxes over 350 times.” This too was a false claim.
  • These days, the internet has gone wild with deceptive political ads.
  • An analysis of 317,366 political emails sent during the 2020 election in the U.S. found that deception was the norm.
  • And AI has benefits for democracy, such as helping staffers organize their emails from constituents or helping government officials summarize testimony.
  • But there are fears that AI will make politics more deceptive than ever.

Bogus custom campaign promises

    • AI chatbots, such as ChatGPT by OpenAI, Bing Chat by Microsoft, and Bard by Google, could be used by politicians to generate customized campaign promises deceptively microtargeting voters and donors.
    • Campaigns can use AI to develop a repository of articles written in different styles making different campaign promises.
    • Campaigns could then embed an AI algorithm in the process – courtesy of automated commands already plugged in by the campaign – to generate bogus tailored campaign promises at the end of the ad posing as a news article or donor solicitation.

Exploiting the tendency to believe one another

    • They have what scholars call a “truth-default.” They even fall prey to seemingly implausible lies.
    • In my experiments I found that people who are exposed to a presidential candidate’s deceptive messaging believe the untrue statements.

More lies, less accountability

    • While the most unscrupulous human campaign operative may still have a smidgen of accountability, AI has none.
    • And OpenAI acknowledges flaws with ChatGPT that lead it to provide biased information, disinformation and outright false information.

Coaxing voters to cheat on their candidate

    • “Sydney” told the reporter repeatedly “I’m in love with you,” and “You’re married, but you don’t love your spouse … you love me.
    • … Actually you want to be with me.” Imagine millions of these sorts of encounters, but with a bot trying to ply voters to leave their candidate for another.
    • In 2024, Republicans and Democrats will have the opportunity to fine-tune models that inject political bias and even chat with voters to sway them.

Manipulating candidate photos

    • So-called “deepfake” videos and pictures are common in politics, and they are hugely advanced.
    • Donald Trump has used AI to create a fake photo of himself down on one knee, praying.
    • Photos can be tailored more precisely to influence voters more subtly.

Evading blame

    • Typically, if politicians get in trouble they blame their staff.
    • If staffers get in trouble they blame the intern.
    • If interns get in trouble they can now blame ChatGPT.