WESTERN EUROPE

• Published in Nature Ecology & Evolution, our new study analyses two skull fragments dating back between 37,000 and 36,000 years to conclude that our ancestors came from Eastern Europe and migrated westwards.
• These individuals are the oldest representatives of Western Europeans to have established themselves permanently in Europe and to have left traces in the genomes of present-day Europeans.

• It is estimated they settled in the region after the ice age that took place from 40,000 to 38,000 years ago.
• Up to this day, researchers believe that the ensuing ecological crisis wiped out both the last Neanderthal populations and the first populations of sapiens humans of the early Upper Palaeolithic.

Homo sapiens from interbreeding

• Both individuals are descendants of distant interbreeding with Neanderthals.
• Our study also showed that the more recent individual bore traces of interbreeding with individuals from the first wave of settlement thought to have been exterminated by the -40,000 year ice age, represented by the Zlatý Kůň individual (-45,000 years).
• We were therefore able to conclude that the first H. sapiens were not completely replaced and some must have survived the ecological crisis.

Links with fossils found in France

• These individuals, close to those from Buran Kaya III, were part of the population associated with the Classical Gravettian period, which produced the female ivory statuettes known as the “Gravettian Venuses” found in France, Germany, Austria and the Czech Republic.
• The famous Venus “Dame de Brassempouy” from the French department of Landes was sculpted at this time.

• The genetic ties indicate that these populations spread from east to west.
• The “Génétique et epigénétique nouvelle ecole” project is supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR), which funds project-based research in France.
• Its mission is to support and promote the development of fundamental and applied research in all disciplines, and to strengthen the dialogue between science and society.

Eva-Maria Geigl has received funding from CNRS, EUR G.E.N.E. (ANR-17-EURE-0013 ; IdEx #ANR-18-IDEX-0001 l'Université de Paris ; Programme d'Investissements d'Avenir) Thierry Grange has received funding from the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (DGE20111123014), Région Ile-de-France (11015901), CNRS, EUR G.E.N.E. (ANR-17-EURE-0013 ; IdEx #ANR-18-IDEX-0001 l'Université de Paris ; Programme d'Investissements d'Avenir).

• DUBLIN, Jan. 26, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- The "Digital TV Industry Research: Annual Subscription " report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.
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• Western Europe was the second largest region in the legal services market.
• It places the market within the context of the wider legal services market, and compares it with other markets.
• It compares the legal services market with other segments of the professional services market by size and growth, historic and forecast.
• Data: Ratios of market size and growth to related markets, GDP proportions, expenditure per capita, legal services indicators comparison.