Pusan National University

Pusan National University Researchers Improve the Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells

Retrieved on: 
Friday, March 1, 2024
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BUSAN, South Korea, March 1, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Perovskite solar cells are thought of as the strongest contender to replace the conventional silicon solar cells in next-generation photovoltaics. They are made of an A+ cation, a B2+ divalent cation, and an X- halide. Generally containing Pb2+ or Sn2+, they achieve high power conversion energy that is suitable for commercial use. Unfortunately, the presence of lead ions causes issues such as lead leakage, which is a hazard for the environment. Moreover, in the presence of moisture, the perovskite tends to get corroded. Multiple approaches have been suggested to resolve this issue, including encapsulating the device and compositional engineering of the perovskite light absorbers.

Key Points: 
  • BUSAN, South Korea, March 1, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Perovskite solar cells are thought of as the strongest contender to replace the conventional silicon solar cells in next-generation photovoltaics.
  • Now, a team of researchers from Pusan National University in South Korea have published a study in Volume 92 of the Journal of Energy Chemistry in this direction.
  • The researchers tested many crown ethers in this study to improve the stability of perovskite solar cells.
  • Within the next five years, perovskite solar cell technology, as a type of next generation emerging solar technology, is positioned to potentially replace the globally prevalent silicon solar cells.

HPV's Hidden Hand: New Study by Pusan National University Scientists Reveals Key Details in Head and Neck Cancer Microenvironment

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Wednesday, February 28, 2024
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BUSAN, South Korea, Feb. 28, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a type of cancer that affects the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, and throat. HNSCC is typically associated with tobacco exposure, alcohol abuse, and viral infections. The links between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection status and the molecular characteristics of HNSCC are not clearly defined.

Key Points: 
  • BUSAN, South Korea, Feb. 28, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a type of cancer that affects the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, and throat.
  • The links between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection status and the molecular characteristics of HNSCC are not clearly defined.
  • Therefore, the HPV infection could be considered a criterion for developing treatment strategies, thereby enabling precision medicine tailored to the patient's condition!
  • Title of original paper: Deciphering Head and Neck Cancer Microenvironment: Single–Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Reveals Human Papillomavirus–Associated Differences

Pusan National University Researchers Reveal How Diabetes Weakens Gum Defense

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Friday, February 16, 2024
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BUSAN, South Korea, Feb. 16, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Periodontitis (PD) is a common complication in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). Despite the profound implications for overall health, the complex bidirectional relationship between them lacks a comprehensive understanding so far, leaving the precise nature of their immunological connection inadequately understood. Prior studies focusing on local immune responses in gingival tissue fall short in capturing the systemic immunological relationship.

Key Points: 
  • BUSAN, South Korea, Feb. 16, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Periodontitis (PD) is a common complication in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM).
  • In an innovative study, researchers from the Republic of Korea have investigated the relationship between periodontitis (PD) and diabetes mellitus (DM).
  • Led by Assistant Professor Yun Hak Kim from Pusan National University, the study employs pioneering single-cell RNA analysis and digs into the immune dynamics at the cellular level.
  • In conclusion, this groundbreaking research provides a first-of-its-kind immunological explanation for the complex association between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Researchers from Pusan National University Employ Artificial Intelligence to Unlock the Secrets of Magnesium Alloy Anisotropy

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Friday, February 2, 2024
Intelligence, Metal, Machine learning, Pusan National University, Data science, Alloy, Hyperparameter, Data analysis, GAN, Journal, Learning, Architecture, Associate, Forecasting

In other words, their mechanical properties vary depending on the direction of the applied load.

Key Points: 
  • In other words, their mechanical properties vary depending on the direction of the applied load.
  • According to Metal Design & Manufacturing (MEDEM) Lab led by Associate Professor Taekyung Lee from Pusan National University, Republic of Korea, machine learning (ML) might hold answers to this prediction problem.
  • In their recent breakthrough, the team proposed a novel approach called "Generative adversarial networks (GAN)-aided gated recurrent unit (GRU)."
  • Let us hope that this groundbreaking study paves the way towards many more innovations in the fields of artificial intelligence and machine learning as well as computational materials science!

Pusan National University Researchers Decode Key Airflow Pattern Impacting Global Climate

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Thursday, February 1, 2024
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BUSAN, South Korea, Feb. 1, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- The Hadley circulation is a key atmospheric circulation pattern in the tropics. It helps even out the temperature between the equator and the poles by moving energy and momentum toward higher latitudes. However, recent studies indicate that the Hadley circulation cells have expanded toward the poles in the 21st century, increasing by several degrees each year. This expansion can have a substantial impact on the global weather and climate, resulting in adverse events like heatwaves, droughts, and tropical cyclones. Although some studies have investigated the factors affecting the north-south variations of the Hadley cell, there is a lack of understanding about the dynamic mechanisms responsible for the year-to-year shifts.

Key Points: 
  • It helps even out the temperature between the equator and the poles by moving energy and momentum toward higher latitudes.
  • This expansion can have a substantial impact on the global weather and climate, resulting in adverse events like heatwaves, droughts, and tropical cyclones.
  • Now, in a recent study published in the journal npj Climate and Atmospheric Science on 7 December 2023, led by Professor Kyong-Hwan Seo from Pusan National University, researchers have proposed a physical model that explains the shifts in the Northern Hemisphere Hadley cell edge latitude.
  • Overall, this research is expected to have significant implications on our understanding of regional as well as global weather patterns!

Pusan National University Researchers Decode the Link Between Smoking and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Risk

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Tuesday, January 30, 2024
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This treatment gap highlights the need to identify risk factors, particularly modifiable ones, that could potentially prevent the onset of ALS.

Key Points: 
  • This treatment gap highlights the need to identify risk factors, particularly modifiable ones, that could potentially prevent the onset of ALS.
  • While smoking has been considered a significant risk, studies have yielded inconclusive results, failing to pinpoint the exact association.
  • Identifying smoking as a modifiable risk factor highlights the potential for mitigating the risk of developing ALS through smoking cessation.
  • Title of original paper: Association of smoking with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A systematic review, and meta-analysis, including dose-response analysis

Pusan National University's Breakthrough in Muscle Regeneration: Nanotech Scaffolding Supports Tissue Growth

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Friday, January 19, 2024
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To improve surgical outcomes, traditional muscle grafts are giving way to artificial scaffold materials, with MXene nanoparticles (NPs) standing out as a promising option.

Key Points: 
  • To improve surgical outcomes, traditional muscle grafts are giving way to artificial scaffold materials, with MXene nanoparticles (NPs) standing out as a promising option.
  • They are highly electrically conductive, can accommodate a wide range of functional groups, and have stacked structures that promote cell interactions and muscle growth.
  • They used DNA sequencing to reveal the genes and biological pathways activated by MXene NPs to aid in muscle regeneration.
  • "Within 5 to 10 years, this research may yield groundbreaking treatments for muscle injuries," Prof. Kim optimistically states.

PNU Researchers Reveal Cutibacterium acnes as a Potential Cause of Lichen Striatus Hypopigmentation

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Wednesday, January 17, 2024
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The gram-positive bacterium Cutibacterium acnes has previously been associated with various skin conditions, including acne vulgaris and post-inflammatory hypopigmentation.

Key Points: 
  • The gram-positive bacterium Cutibacterium acnes has previously been associated with various skin conditions, including acne vulgaris and post-inflammatory hypopigmentation.
  • There could, therefore, be a potential association between C. acnes and the observed skin microbiota of patients with LS with and without hypopigmentation.
  • Comparing patients with LS with and without hypopigmentation, the researchers discovered a quadrupled presence (23.26% versus 5.29% of the entire microbiota) of Cutibacterium acnes in the former.
  • Title of original paper: Association between the skin microbiome and lichen striatus hypopigmentation: Cutibacterium acnes as a potential cause

Pusan National University Researchers Boost Signal Amplification in Perovskite Nanosheets

Retrieved on: 
Thursday, January 4, 2024
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BUSAN, South Korea, Jan. 4, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Perovskite materials are still attracting a lot of interest in solar cell applications. Now, the nanostructures of perovskite materials are being considered as a new laser medium. Over the years, light amplification in perovskite quantum dots has been reported, but most of the works present inadequate quantitative analysis. To assess the light amplification ability, "gain coefficient" is necessary, whereby the essential characteristic of a laser medium is revealed. An efficient laser medium is one that has a large gain.

Key Points: 
  • Over the years, light amplification in perovskite quantum dots has been reported, but most of the works present inadequate quantitative analysis.
  • Now, in a recent study, a team of researchers, led by Professor Kwangseuk Kyhm from Pusan National University in Korea, has managed to enhance signal amplification in perovskite nanosheets of CsPbBr3 with a unique waveguide pattern.
  • Prof. Kyhm explains: "Perovskite nanosheets can be a new laser medium, and this work has demonstrated that light amplification can be achieved based on tiny perovskite nanosheets that are synthesized chemically."
  • Title of original paper: Gain enhancement of perovskite nanosheets by a patterned waveguide: excitation and temperature dependence of gain saturation

Pusan National University Researchers Dive Deep Into the Safety of JAK Inhibitors for Atopic Dermatitis

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Friday, December 15, 2023
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In this context, Janus kinase (or JAK) inhibitors are small molecules that have emerged as a promising treatment option for managing AD.

Key Points: 
  • In this context, Janus kinase (or JAK) inhibitors are small molecules that have emerged as a promising treatment option for managing AD.
  • However, the FDA has also issued a boxed warning for JAK inhibitors to include the risk of major adverse events.
  • Since then, many meta-analyses focusing on the safety of JAK inhibitors have been published, but these analyses are fraught with several limitations.
  • Title of original paper: The safety of systemic Janus kinase inhibitors in atopic dermatitis: