ACeS

• Yet the disproportionate application of school discipline for Black and Indigenous students remains a significant concern.
• We found there is very little research on the relationship between childhood adversities and school discipline.
• Additional research — particularly from Canada — would provide schools with the knowledge necessary for evidence-based, trauma-informed and culturally attuned approaches to school discipline.

Lack of attention to adversity, trauma

• Trauma is the negative impact that can happen when exposed to adversity, while adversity is a potentially traumatizing event or the absence of healthy stimulus.
• While trauma and adversity are related, adversity does not always lead to trauma.

Disproportion in school discipline

• Research shows that school discipline is disproportionately applied to students who are Black, Indigenous, male, have identified special education needs or live in lower-resourced areas.
• Considerable research about the disproportionate use of discipline affecting Black communities exists from the United States, with less attention to Indigenous communities.
• Researchers in other regions have documented how racism against Indigenous and Black students affects students’ school engagement or attendance.

Discipline affects opportunities

• Time away from school through out-of-school discipline is a barrier to academic success.
• This affects opportunities for post-secondary education and ultimately who has access to power, money and resources.

Research on adversity or trauma and discipline

• In our article “Exposure to Adversity and Trauma Among Students Who Experience School Discipline: A Scoping Review” we detail how we searched for and analyzed articles about school discipline and trauma or adversity.
• This research showed experiences of adversity or trauma play a significant and potentially contributing role in school discipline, including suspension and expulsion.

Canadian research matters

• Context matters when studying school discipline.
• This followed the province’s 2006 legislation that students remain in school to age 18.
• In Ontario, the rate of suspension decreased from 4.32 per cent of students in 2007/08 to 2.23 per cent in 2022.

‘Safe and Caring Schools’

• Zero-Tolerance policies are still active across many U.S. school districts.
• Ontario students on long-term suspension or expulsion are now offered programs run through “Safe and Caring Schools” in every school board.
• These supports enable connection with students and a different approach with students who appear to be coping with trauma.

Expulsions still disproportionate

• To understand this disproportion and to develop effective policy and practice it is critical for educators in Canada to have more contextual knowledge.
• Educators who have not experienced or been educated about adversity may not account for or recognize students who are coping with adversity.

Acknowledging adversity

• This is noteworthy given research identifying the disproportionate application of school discipline among non-white students, and the school-to-prison pipeline.
• Read more:
  Ontario can close students’ access and opportunity gaps with community-led projects

  When researchers don’t identify expanded forms of adversity like racism and poverty, they are less likely to be recognized.

The authors do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

• SANTA CLARA, Calif., Nov. 20, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Aviatrix , a leader in Secure Cloud Networking, has conducted its annual survey of Aviatrix Certified Engineers (ACEs), which this year revealed surprising revelations from the cloud, networking, and security practitioners with boots on the ground.
• Respondents report that "cost controls" and "visibility and troubleshooting" are the two biggest hurdles to taking full advantage of public cloud.
• Even as generative AI initiatives skyrocketed in the past year, more than a third of respondents reported that those AI initiatives have not impacted cloud budgets or have even decreased them.
• This year's survey included more than 400 global respondents spanning security, cloud, networking roles, with several reporting they hold more than one of these roles at their organization.

• TOMS RIVER, N.J., Nov. 6, 2023 /PRNewswire-PRWeb/ -- Ocean Partnership for Children (OPC) had the honor of attending 2023 Community Resource Development (CRD) Fund awardee, HOPE Sheds Light's Ribbon Cutting Ceremony for the HOPE Sheds Light Youth Recovery Center on Wednesday, October 24, 2023, at 253 Chestnut Street, Toms River, NJ.
• Their work is amazing, and the development of a sober peer community is essential for our youth," said Mary Jo Buchanan, Executive Director of OPC.
• The 2024 CRD Funds Request for Proposals was announced on October 30, 2023.
• Information can be found at: https://www.oceanpartnership.org/providers/community-resource-developmen... A maximum total of $67,788.07 is available to fund one or more projects for the 2024 CRD Fund.

• HOUSTON, Oct. 18, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- As part of its 50th anniversary celebration in 2023, Hart Energy is proud to announce the inaugural classes of Hart Energy's Hall of Fame and Agents of Change in Energy (ACEs).
• Hart Energy will honor 50 Hall of Famers such as legendary oil well firefighter "Red" Adair, the father of fracking George P. Mitchell, and living legends including pipeline magnate Richard Kinder.
• Hart Energy will host a December 5th celebration in Houston to commemorate its 50th anniversary and to recognize the honorees.
• Each subsequent year Hart Energy will add to its Hall of Fame and ACEs classes and nominations are encouraged.