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• In her indictment, the prosecutor described Ilse Koch as “a sexy-looking depraved woman who beat prisoners, reported them for beatings, and trafficked human skin”.
• Ilse’s husband, Karl Koch, had been commandant of Buchenwald, one of the first and largest concentration camps within Germany’s 1937 borders, from August 1937 to October 1941.
• He would then briefly serve as a commander of Majdanek, another notorious concentration camp.
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Joined the Nazi party ‘early’

• She joined the Nazi party earlier than most of her peers, in 1932.
• At the time, the Nazi party appealed to young people because fascism seemed a viable solution to the deep economic recession that had followed the first world war, and had impoverished many German families.
• Koch lived with her family in a three-story villa on the grounds of the Buchenwald concentration camp.
• The executions of Buchenwald prisoners, writes Jardim, occurred in multiple forms: “shooting, hanging, gassing, corporal punishment, experiments withholding food and [the] refusal of medical care”.

Tried for awareness and participation

• The officers who made up the military courts at Dachau were, writes Jardim, “honest and competent men”, but they were not lawyers or professional jurists.
• Dressed up and with her head held high, Margarete Ilse Koch entered the courtroom.
• She was the only woman among 31 indicted for the war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in Buchenwald.
• And she was tried for her alleged awareness of the camp’s nature, and her voluntary and active participation in its enforcement.

‘A creature from some other tortured world’

• Ironically, the executions of 50,000 people at Buchenwald were “not wrongful according to the National Socialist system”.
• They became centres where food and other valuable items could find their way onto the black market.
• In the 1947 trials, American prosecutor Denson described Koch as “no woman in the usual sense but a creature from some other tortured world”, making her a powerful symbolic representation of Nazi crimes.
• The court concluded that there was no overwhelming or substantial evidence against Koch and commuted her sentence to four years imprisonment.

‘Diabolical’

• Mounting criticisms of the court’s finding of clemency erupted into public protests.
• However, in the same year as her release, she was charged again – this time by the Western German authorities.
• While Jardim cites original data from the trial, there is still some confusion about the exact numbers attached to Koch’s charges.

Women and war crimes

• Studies on Ilse Koch have possibly been more common than those on other women war criminals, because the media sensationalised her story.
• Ilse Koch on Trial reminds us that women, too, are capable of committing war crimes.
• While it’s normalised that men can kill, especially in war, women are still stereotyped as peaceful and nurturing – which is reflected in the gendered reactions to women war criminals.
• While no one denies Ilse Koch was guilty of terrible crimes, the most sensational atrocities attributed to her remain unproven.

• Introducing the world's first idle mobile game takes players on missions to liberate Earth from the clutches of alien forces.
• SINGAPORE, Sept. 1, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Since its global launch, Idle Survivors: Last Stand , a relaxing and funny idle RPG published by MAX GAME PTE.
• LTD., set in a world devastated by an alien-planned plague to conquer Earth, has been featured in the Google Play and App Store in over 130 regions.
• Hippo, a player of the game since the open beta testing, commented, "a fantastic combo between idle RPG and fun team builder".

• DENVER, Aug. 23, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- SS&C ALPS Advisors, a wholly-owned subsidiary of SS&C Technologies Holdings, Inc. (Nasdaq: SSNC), has partnered with Level Four Capital Management to launch the Level Four Large Cap Growth Active ETF (Nasdaq: LGRO), an active, large-cap equity ETF.
• "ALPS Advisors is recognized for its collaboration with world-class sub-advisors, and our Level Four Capital Management partnership continues this tradition," said Laton Spahr, President of SS&C ALPS Advisors.
• Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets in common stocks of large-capitalization companies.
• ALPS Advisors, Inc., ALPS Distributors, Inc. and ALPS Portfolio Solutions Distributor, Inc., affiliated entities, are unaffiliated with Level Four Capital Management, LLC.

• TOKYO, Aug 22, 2023 - (JCN Newswire) - Mitsubishi Motors Corporation (hereafter, Mitsubishi Motors) announces that Team Mitsubishi Ralliart, for which it provides technical support, has won 3rd place overall in the Asia Cross Country Rally 2023 (hereafter, AXCR) held in Thailand and Laos from August 13 to 19.
• Katsuhiko Taguchi (Japan), competing for the first time in AXCR from the Team Mitsubishi Ralliart placed 8th overall, and Rifat Sungkar (Indonesia) placed 32nd overall.
• With his stable rally performance, Yotha finished the first half in his home country of Thailand in 4th overall position.
• Team Mitsubishi Ralliart entered this rally with the all-new Triton, which had undergone a full model change and had evolved in all aspects.