Young Africans could disrupt authoritarian states but they don't – here's why
The number of young Africans aged 15-24 is projected to reach 500 million in 2080.
- The number of young Africans aged 15-24 is projected to reach 500 million in 2080.
- While population dynamics vary across the continent, most sub-Saharan countries have a median age below 19.
- Niger is the youngest country in the world with a median age of 14.5, while South Africa, Seychelles, Tunisia and Algeria have median ages above 27.
- We found that youth-targeted strategies – largely aimed at promoting employment and political participation – are part of the authoritarian rule book in all four countries we studied.
- Employment and entrepreneurship schemes were open to abuse through ruling party patronage networks and channelled to regime supporters.
Not saving democracy
- Our research found that young people in Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda and Zimbabwe felt aggrieved about these opportunities being channelled to regime supporters.
- But overall, Africa’s youth are not saving democracy.
Country case studies
- Zanu-PF targets young people among its wider repertoire of strategies to maintain power.
- This, in addition to other conflict dynamics, contributed to an insurgency in the northern region of Cabo Delgado from 2017.
- Youth-dominated protests in Ethiopia contributed to the 2018 fall of the ruling party that had been in power since 1991.
- Young candidates running for one of the youth quota seats in parliament, for instance, can’t easily evade ruling party patronage.
Way forward
- However, they have often been characterised as either violent or as changemakers and peace activists.
- Our research project engaged a diversity of young people positioned and constantly moving across different parts of the spectrum.
Lovise Aalen receives funding from the Research Council of Norway's Norglobal programme (grant # 288489). Marjoke Oosterom received funding from the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)