Fossil

‘It could be the death of the museum’: why research cuts at a South Australian institution have scientists up in arms

Retrieved on: 
Friday, April 19, 2024

“It could be the death of the museum,” says renowned mammalogist Tim Flannery, a former director of the museum.

Key Points: 
  • “It could be the death of the museum,” says renowned mammalogist Tim Flannery, a former director of the museum.
  • “To say research isn’t important to what a museum does – it’s sending shock waves across the world,” she says.

What’s the plan?

  • According to the museum’s website, this skeleton crew will focus on “converting new discoveries and research into the visitor experience”.
  • Others have tackled global questions such as the evolution of birds from dinosaurs, how eyes evolved in Cambrian fossils, and Antarctic biodiversity.

What’s so special about a museum?

  • Their remits are different, says University of Adelaide botanist Andy Lowe, who was the museum’s acting director in 2013 and 2014.
  • Unlike universities, he says, the museum was “established by government, to carry out science for the development of the state”.
  • “They’re crucial for what goes on above; you need experts not second-hand translators,” says University of Adelaide geologist Alan Collins.
  • He wonders what will happen the next time a youngster comes into the museum asking to identify a rock.
  • The museum’s Phillip Jones now uses this collection in his research, delivering more than 30 exhibitions, books and academic papers.

Continuity and community

  • Without attentive curation and the life blood of research, the collections are doomed to “wither and die”, says Flannery.
  • That raises the issue of continuity.
  • In Flannery’s words, the job of a museum curator:
    is like being a high priest in a temple.
  • Over Jones’ four decades at the museum, his relationships with Indigenous elders have also been critical to returning sacred objects to their traditional owners.
  • Besides the priestly “chain of care”, there’s something else at risk in the museum netherworld: a uniquely productive ecosystem feeding on the collections.
  • Here you’ll find PhD students mingling with retired academics; curators mingling with scientists; museum folk with university folk.
  • In the year ending 2023 for instance, joint museum and university grants amounted to A$3.7 million.

DNA and biodiversity

  • The museum has also declared it will no longer support a DNA sequencing lab it funds jointly with the University of Adelaide.
  • “No other institute in South Australia does this type of biodiversity research,” says Andrew Austin, chair of Taxonomy Australia and emeritus professor at the University of Adelaide.
  • “It’s the job of the museum.” The cuts come while the SA government plans new laws to protect biodiversity.


Elizabeth Finkel does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

Fossil beetles found in a Botswana diamond mine help us to reconstruct the distant past

Retrieved on: 
Wednesday, April 10, 2024

One of the few Cretaceous age deposits that’s been discovered in Africa is at Botswana’s Orapa Diamond Mine.

Key Points: 
  • One of the few Cretaceous age deposits that’s been discovered in Africa is at Botswana’s Orapa Diamond Mine.
  • Recently a team I lead discovered two new species of rove beetles preserved in the sediments of the Orapa Diamond Mine.
  • Rove beetles are typically identified by their unique short elytra (protective wing cases) which expose the rest of the abdomen.
  • Our finds are the first fossil rove beetles ever discovered on the continent and in the southern hemisphere.
  • The fossils closely resemble today’s rove beetles, showing how successful they’ve been in adapting to various environments without significant changes to their bodies.

Identifying the fossils

  • We found the fossils in lacustrine sediments (deposits that accumulate in lake environments).
  • Afristenus orapensis belongs to the stenine rove beetle subgroup while Paleothius mckayi belongs to the subgroup staphylinine.
  • The stenine rove beetle was previously described in Russia, France and Myanmar while the staphylinine rove beetle was previously described in Russia, China, Myanmar and England.
  • So we scoured research articles about fossils of a similar age that have already been studied elsewhere for comparative purposes.

More to find

  • We are currently studying each specimen and preparing academic manuscripts that describe what we’ve found.
  • My hope is that more money will be invested in training more palaeoentomologists in South Africa and on the continent more broadly.
  • The study of fossil insects and plants is an important way to preserve our beloved continent’s heritage.


Sandiso Mnguni receives funding from GENUS (Centre of Excellence in Palaeosciences - UID 86073). He is affiliated with the Sophumelela Youth Development Programme (SYDP).

Rex (REX) Is Now Available for Trading on LBank Exchange

Retrieved on: 
Wednesday, April 3, 2024

LBank Exchange is thrilled to announce the listing of Rex (REX), emerging from the depths of the Solana blockchain, not just as a digital asset but as a legendary figure reclaiming his throne.

Key Points: 
  • LBank Exchange is thrilled to announce the listing of Rex (REX), emerging from the depths of the Solana blockchain, not just as a digital asset but as a legendary figure reclaiming his throne.
  • Picture this: a feisty yet endearing purple dinosaur, embodying the spirit of ancient rulers with a modern twist.
  • REX is more than a token; it's a symbol of strength, unity, and resilience in the ever-evolving crypto jungle.
  • The lore of REX, woven with tales of dominance, companionship, and mystery, adds a layer of intrigue.

IDTechEx Takes a Look at the Emerging Industrial Thermal Energy Storage Market

Retrieved on: 
Tuesday, April 9, 2024

One such technology that is able to store and supply heat to industrial processes is thermal energy storage (TES).

Key Points: 
  • One such technology that is able to store and supply heat to industrial processes is thermal energy storage (TES).
  • From IDTechEx's new market report " Thermal Energy Storage 2024-2034: Technologies, Players, Markets, and Forecasts ", the industrial TES market will be valued at US$4.5B by 2034.
  • This could include sensible heat, latent heat, thermochemical energy storage (TCES), and electro-thermal / pumped thermal energy storage (ETES / PTES) technologies.
  • IDTechEx's market report appraises the various thermal energy storage technologies being developed and commercialized and analyzes their suitability for a range of applications.

IDTechEx Takes a Look at the Emerging Industrial Thermal Energy Storage Market

Retrieved on: 
Tuesday, April 9, 2024

One such technology that is able to store and supply heat to industrial processes is thermal energy storage (TES).

Key Points: 
  • One such technology that is able to store and supply heat to industrial processes is thermal energy storage (TES).
  • From IDTechEx's new market report " Thermal Energy Storage 2024-2034: Technologies, Players, Markets, and Forecasts ", the industrial TES market will be valued at US$4.5B by 2034.
  • This could include sensible heat, latent heat, thermochemical energy storage (TCES), and electro-thermal / pumped thermal energy storage (ETES / PTES) technologies.
  • IDTechEx's market report appraises the various thermal energy storage technologies being developed and commercialized and analyzes their suitability for a range of applications.

Fossilized dinosaur eggshells can preserve amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, over millions of years

Retrieved on: 
Tuesday, April 9, 2024

But in 2017, while a Ph.D. student of paleobiology at the University of Bristol in the U.K., I heard a gleeful exclamation from across the room.

Key Points: 
  • But in 2017, while a Ph.D. student of paleobiology at the University of Bristol in the U.K., I heard a gleeful exclamation from across the room.
  • The instrument had detected telltale signatures of ancient amino acids in eggshell.
  • Amino acids are the building blocks that make up protein sequences in living organisms.
  • As Penkman’s enthusiasm suggested, these amino acids were extraordinary.
  • In fact, this result came unexpectedly amid our team’s efforts to test claims of near-pristine protein preservation in dinosaur bone.

Orphan fossil fragments

  • I predicted that if dinosaur eggshells didn’t preserve any original proteins, then their bones likely wouldn’t preserve any either, and wanted to see whether that was the case.
  • Around 2000, many eggshell fragments were illegally exported from Argentina into the commercial market.
  • These fossil fragments in some ways gained scientific value because they didn’t belong to any museum collections.

Amino acids in eggshell

  • Although some eggshells preserved amino acids far better than others, the evidence overall suggested that these molecules were ancient and original, possibly ranging from 66 million to 86 million years old.
  • The remaining amino acids we detected, however, consisted of free molecules that had broken off from their protein chains by reactions with water.
  • Amino acids can occur in left- or right-handed configurations.
  • After the organism dies, amino acids can convert between handedness until they reach 50-50 mixtures of both configurations.

Calcite, an amino acid archive

  • Bird eggshell is even among the best materials to find preserved protein sequences in fossils, let alone free amino acids.
  • Demarchi’s team has detected short, intact sequences of amino acids still bound in a chain from bird eggshell at least 6.5 million years old.
  • Other researchers have claimed to have found more ancient amino acids, as well as more extreme and less likely claims of preserved protein sequences.

Using calcite to look back in time

  • So, what messages from ancient life might persist in these calcite time capsules?
  • For example, marine arthropods called trilobites that lived more than half a billion years ago had calcite in their eyes.
  • Fossil calcite, Earth’s molecular time capsule, may send faint tales from long-gone life for researchers to better understand their biology.


This research was supported by the University of Bristol Bob Savage Memorial Fund and the Leverhulme Trust (PLP-2012-116).

Flowers may be more ancient than dinosaurs – but scientists can’t agree on when they evolved

Retrieved on: 
Tuesday, April 9, 2024

Including more than 350,000 known species, they dominate the ecological system, shape food webs and play a vital role in oxygen production.

Key Points: 
  • Including more than 350,000 known species, they dominate the ecological system, shape food webs and play a vital role in oxygen production.
  • Plus, many of them are valuable commercial crops – think of roses, grains and tomatoes.
  • A step change in research is shaking up the way scientists think about plants: they are far more complex and more like us than you might imagine.
  • But not all scientists agree it is an angiosperm, due to the different definitions of flower organs.
  • This is the largest known amber-preserved fossil flower, measuring about 3cm across and about three times as large as most floral fossils, showing beautiful details of this ancient flower.

Jurassic or Cretaceous?

  • The timing of flowers’ evolution is still a matter of debate between scientists, but most scientists are in one of two camps: Jurassic or Cretaceous.
  • Analyses using molecular data (DNA or protein sequences) suggest flowers could be much older than the fossil record shows – a Jurassic (145 million years ago) or even Triassic origin (201 million years ago).

Deciphering the past by molecular data

  • One technique scientists use to determine the timing of evolutionary events is the “molecular clock”.
  • This concept originated from the understanding that genetic mutations tend to accumulate at a constant rate across both time and species.
  • To construct a molecular clock, researchers analyse gene segments that have been conserved throughout a species’ evolution.

Piecing the puzzle together

  • Scientists examine fossil plants and observe the gradual changes in structures such as leaves, flowers and seeds over time.
  • Comparing their anatomy allows researchers to identify similarities and differences between extinct and still-living species, or species in different clades.
  • Biological traits which appear similar may be a result of convergent evolution, indicating changes in characteristics for environmental adaptation, rather than genetic similarity.

Mathematical approach can also help

  • There is also a mathematical approach to estimating the age of angiosperms – for instance, using the Bayesian Brownian Bridge (BBB) method.
  • This statistical model is a scientific formula that uses the distribution of fossils through time to estimate the age of a group.
  • By using the BBB method, an international research team found that the origin of angiosperms supports a pre-Cretaceous hypothesis.


Ruolin Wu does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

Fossil Group Announces Appointment of Eugene Davis and Pamela Corrie to Board of Directors

Retrieved on: 
Monday, March 25, 2024

RICHARDSON, Texas, March 25, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Fossil Group, Inc. (“Fossil” or the “Company”, NASDAQ: FOSL) today announced that Eugene I. Davis has been appointed to the Board of Directors (the “Board”), effective March 24, 2024.

Key Points: 
  • RICHARDSON, Texas, March 25, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Fossil Group, Inc. (“Fossil” or the “Company”, NASDAQ: FOSL) today announced that Eugene I. Davis has been appointed to the Board of Directors (the “Board”), effective March 24, 2024.
  • The Company also announced that it has entered into a Cooperation Agreement with shareholder The Buxton Helmsley Group, Inc. (“BHG”).
  • Pursuant to the Cooperation Agreement, the Company will welcome BHG nominee Pamela B. Corrie to the Board, effective March 24, 2024.
  • The appointment of the two new independent directors reflects Fossil’s commitment to ongoing Board refreshment and governance excellence.

United States Biofuel Enzyme Markets, Competition, Forecast and Opportunities, 2018-2023 and 2028F: Innovations and Environmental Benefits, Automotive Industry Influence and Industrial Scale-Up - ResearchAndMarkets.com

Retrieved on: 
Wednesday, April 3, 2024

The "United States Biofuel Enzyme Market, By Region, Competition Forecast and Opportunities, 2018-2028F" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

Key Points: 
  • The "United States Biofuel Enzyme Market, By Region, Competition Forecast and Opportunities, 2018-2028F" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.
  • The United States has witnessed a significant surge in the demand for biofuel enzymes, an integral component in the production of cleaner, renewable energy.
  • A new comprehensive analysis of the United States Biofuel Enzyme Market details evolutionary trends, competitive landscapes, and regional market insights, aimed at providing stakeholders with a thorough understanding of the market dynamics in this crucial sector.
  • The increasing propensity for renewable alternatives in the United States augments the role of biofuel enzymes in meeting energy needs sustainably.

Biodiesel Feedstocks Market Technologies, Synthesis, Efficiency and Policies Report, with Profiles of AG Processing, Argent Energy, Cargill, Chevron Renewable Energy, Eni S.P.A and Neste - ResearchAndMarkets.com

Retrieved on: 
Thursday, March 14, 2024

Regarding market demand, Europe is the largest biodiesel market.

Key Points: 
  • Regarding market demand, Europe is the largest biodiesel market.
  • Demand for biodiesel in EMEA is negligible and is not expected to grow significantly in the coming years.
  • EMEA's meager market share and growth are mainly due to its large production and usage of fossil fuels, including fossil diesel.
  • The report concludes with a competitive landscape of the global biodiesel market and company profiles of the various players in the area.