United Nations Security Council

The Trial of Vladimir Putin: Geoffrey Robertson rehearses the scenarios

Retrieved on: 
Thursday, April 18, 2024

In The Trial of Vladimir Putin, barrister Geoffrey Robertson answers that question by dramatising what might happen within the walls of a future courtroom.

Key Points: 
  • In The Trial of Vladimir Putin, barrister Geoffrey Robertson answers that question by dramatising what might happen within the walls of a future courtroom.
  • The question of whether Putin is guilty of aggression is fairly straightforward.
  • Evidence would be needed that he is responsible in his role as a commander for actions carried out by subordinates.
  • Instead, a special aggression tribunal would have to be established in the tradition of the trials of Nazis at Nuremberg.
  • It is not pure fiction; it is speculation informed by Robertson’s experience.
  • The details he imagines will bring these potential future trials to life for readers who are less familiar than he is with the inside of a courtroom.
  • Does Robertson really need to tell us three times that any judgements should be uploaded to the internet?

Rhetorical devices

  • Whether Putin should be tried even if absent is a hard question because there are arguments on both sides.
  • Instead, he uses rhetorical tools such as hyperbole: if “international law is to have any meaning”, he writes, then a trial in the defendant’s absence “must be acceptable”.
  • Robertson criticises this with the remark that it “entitles a man who has given orders to kill thousands to stand back and laugh”.
  • It is that he gives the impression that the complexities do not exist.
  • Dismissive language is a more general feature of his writing style.
  • The implication is that Robertson is atypical among lawyers, someone who will sweep aside conventions and assumptions.
  • Read more:
    An inside look at the dangerous, painstaking work of collecting evidence of suspected war crimes in Ukraine

The United Nations

  • One of the bolder elements in the book is what Robertson says about the United Nations.
  • One of them is that the Security Council could authorise, say, the United States to take military action against another nuclear-armed major power: is that outcome “obviously right”?
  • The same logic might be used to justify expelling the United States, Britain and Australia, which were accused of unlawfully invading Iraq in 2003.
  • Robertson compares the UN unfavourably with its predecessor, the League of Nations, which “expelled the USSR for attacking Finland”.


Rowan Nicholson does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

House of Representatives holds off on Ukraine aid package − here’s why the US has a lot at stake in supporting Ukraine

Retrieved on: 
Wednesday, April 10, 2024

The U.S. has been the largest single donor backing Ukraine since Russian troops invaded the country in February 2022.

Key Points: 
  • The U.S. has been the largest single donor backing Ukraine since Russian troops invaded the country in February 2022.
  • Biden has asked Congress to approve another $95 billion in aid for Ukraine, Israel and other allies.
  • While the Senate passed this foreign aid bill in February 2024, it is stalled in the House of Representatives.
  • It is not entirely clear when and how the House will vote on Ukraine.
  • Still, as a scholar of Eastern Europe, I think there are a few important reasons why the U.S. is unlikely to cut funding to Ukraine.

Republicans are divided over Ukraine aid

  • Johnson is facing pressure to delay voting on the Ukraine foreign aid bill for a few reasons.
  • One major factor is fighting between Republicans, who hold a slim majority in the House.
  • While some centrist Republican politicians support Ukraine funding and are pushing for a vote on the foreign aid package, others – hard-right Republicans – want a bill that prioritizes what they say are American interests, meaning more of a focus on domestic U.S. problems.

Delays on Ukraine benefit Putin

  • As the House continues to stall on a vote, Ukraine is rationing ammunition and supplies.
  • Delays with foreign aid to Ukraine give Putin time to move forward with plans to purchase ballistic missiles from Iran.
  • Without foreign aid from the U.S., Ukraine will face a strategic disadvantage that could lead to Russia winning the war.

The US needs Europe to compete with China

  • One factor is U.S. global power competition with China.
  • Russian and Chinese leaders declared a military and political partnership days before Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022.
  • They announced on April 9, 2024, that they want to find ways to strengthen their joint security work across Asia and Europe.
  • U.S. political and military leaders have noted that supporting Ukraine and pushing back against Russia is one clear way to deter China from strengthening its global political power and military reach.
  • The U.S. needs its long-standing allies in Europe to help push back against China – and deterrence is only as effective as the size of the force doing the deterring.

Foreign aid benefits US arms industry

  • Most of America’s military aid to Ukraine consists of arms and ammunition from existing U.S. stockpiles.
  • If Congress approves an additional $60 billion for Ukraine, more than half of this money would go to U.S. factories that manufacture missiles and munitions.
  • In December 2023, Biden signed a U.S. defense policy bill that authorizes a record-high $886 billion in spending from July 2023 through June 2024.
  • But it also allows for the purchasing of new ships, aircraft and other types of ammunition.

Americans continue to support Ukraine aid


A majority of Americans still favor U.S. support of Ukraine, though about half of Republicans said in December 2023 that the U.S. is giving too much money to the country. Even though politicians do not always follow public opinion, there are clear reasons why it is not in the U.S.’s best interests to cut funding to Ukraine.
Tatsiana Kulakevich does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

World leaders gathered in Rwanda to mark the 30th anniversary of the Genocide against the Tutsi

Retrieved on: 
Monday, April 8, 2024

KIGALI, Rwanda, April 8, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- World leaders past and present gathered in Kigali, Rwanda, to remember the victims of the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi.

Key Points: 
  • KIGALI, Rwanda, April 8, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- World leaders past and present gathered in Kigali, Rwanda, to remember the victims of the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi.
  • Kwibuka means 'to remember' in Kinyarwanda (the national language of Rwanda).
  • To view the Multimedia News Release, please click: https://www.multivu.com/players/uk/9260351-world-leaders-gather-rwanda-3...
    On 7 April 1994, a genocide was unleashed against the Tutsi minority of Rwanda, leaving over a million dead in just 100 days, in full view of the world.
  • Four memorials to the Genocide against the Tutsi recently inscribed as UNESCO world heritage sites will be illuminated each night for the week of commemoration.

World leaders gathered in Rwanda to mark the 30th anniversary of the Genocide against the Tutsi

Retrieved on: 
Monday, April 8, 2024

KIGALI, Rwanda, April 8, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- World leaders past and present gathered in Kigali, Rwanda, to remember the victims of the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi.

Key Points: 
  • KIGALI, Rwanda, April 8, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- World leaders past and present gathered in Kigali, Rwanda, to remember the victims of the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi.
  • Kwibuka means 'to remember' in Kinyarwanda (the national language of Rwanda).
  • To view the Multimedia News Release, please click: https://www.multivu.com/players/uk/9260351-world-leaders-gather-rwanda-3...
    On 7 April 1994, a genocide was unleashed against the Tutsi minority of Rwanda, leaving over a million dead in just 100 days, in full view of the world.
  • Four memorials to the Genocide against the Tutsi recently inscribed as UNESCO world heritage sites will be illuminated each night for the week of commemoration.

Rwanda’s genocide could have been prevented: 3 things the international community should have done – expert

Retrieved on: 
Tuesday, April 9, 2024

The Tutsi were targeted primarily due to long-standing ethnic tensions between the Tutsi minority and the majority Hutu population.

Key Points: 
  • The Tutsi were targeted primarily due to long-standing ethnic tensions between the Tutsi minority and the majority Hutu population.
  • As the mass killings were happening, the international community stood by in a stupor, even though the nations of the world had a legal and moral obligation to intervene in cases of genocide.
  • To its credit, the United Nations had already put in place a peacekeeping mission, the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (Unamir).
  • In my view this was possible but would have required three main things: detailed intelligence, preventive measures and political will.

Detailed intelligence

  • Unfortunately, the UN mission felt deaf and blind in the field as it did not have the analytical capacity to synthesise these important pieces of evidence.
  • It was also prevented by UN headquarters from taking measures to secure more information and taking steps for prevention.

Preventive action

  • Had the UN taken deterrent actions early on, it might have been able to stop the genocide at the outset.
  • Later, a large deployment of troops would have been needed to bring a halt to the many senseless killings.
  • UN preventive actions should have dealt with people (both plotters and resisters), the genocide structures (networks) and the tools (weapons) of the genocide.
  • In response to illicit weapons flowing into Kigali, the peacekeeping force should have firmly applied the embargo.
  • Quick, decisive action by the UN might have isolated the genocide to the Kigali sector before it spread into the countryside.

Political will

  • The simple answer is a lack of political will.
  • The lack of US commitment was largely the result of a disastrous mission in Somalia the previous year.
  • Still, these peacekeepers managed to save 20,000 to 30,000 lives, showing what dedicated action from a small force can achieve.

Moving forward

  • Primarily it is a matter of fostering a sense of enlightened self-interest among all nations, linking human welfare around the globe with one’s own.
  • It means recognising that when crimes against one section of humanity are committed, no matter where, it is a crime against all of humanity.
  • If this isn’t enough, then the fear of inaction should also be a motivating force.


Walter Dorn receives a salary and funding from the Department of National Defence.

MeridianLink Announces 2024 MeridianLink LIVE! Keynote Speakers and Thought Leader Participation

Retrieved on: 
Tuesday, March 26, 2024

MeridianLink, Inc. (NYSE: MLNK), a leading provider of modern software platforms for financial institutions and consumer reporting agencies, today announced the keynote speakers and thought leaders who will take the stage at MeridianLink LIVE!

Key Points: 
  • MeridianLink, Inc. (NYSE: MLNK), a leading provider of modern software platforms for financial institutions and consumer reporting agencies, today announced the keynote speakers and thought leaders who will take the stage at MeridianLink LIVE!
  • His recent work includes helping clients improve their advanced-analytics programs, launch digital banks and data businesses, and create centralized analytics environments.
  • In his session, Larry will discuss the future of AI in banking with MeridianLink SVP of product, Ian Goldsmith.
  • Tech Humanist Kate O’Neill brings over 25 years of digital innovation expertise to the MeridianLink LIVE!

Prime Minister of France Gabriel Attal to visit Canada

Retrieved on: 
Thursday, March 28, 2024

OTTAWA, ON, March 28, 2024 /CNW/ - The Prime Minister, Justin Trudeau, today announced that the Prime Minister of France, Gabriel Attal, will travel to Canada from April 10 to 12, 2024.

Key Points: 
  • OTTAWA, ON, March 28, 2024 /CNW/ - The Prime Minister, Justin Trudeau, today announced that the Prime Minister of France, Gabriel Attal, will travel to Canada from April 10 to 12, 2024.
  • On April 10 and 11, Prime Minister Attal will be in Ottawa, where he will meet with Prime Minister Trudeau to strengthen bilateral co-operation, with a focus on climate action.
  • Following the Ottawa portion of his visit, Prime Minister Attal will visit Québec City and Montréal on April 11 and 12.
  • This will be Prime Minister Attal's first official visit to Canada, and his first official travel outside of the European Union since he became Prime Minister.

50% of People in Gaza Are at Imminent Risk of Famine, According to New Report

Retrieved on: 
Monday, March 18, 2024

Within the next four months, 7 out of 10 Gazans in the north will be at risk of famine.

Key Points: 
  • Within the next four months, 7 out of 10 Gazans in the north will be at risk of famine.
  • Approximately one in three children are now acutely malnourished and two in 10,000 are dying of starvation, according to the Ministry of Health in Gaza.
  • More than half of the total population that are in Phase 5 are located in the northern part of the Gaza Strip.
  • Humanitarian access to northern Gaza is nearly impossible, leading to more than 160,000 people being on the brink of starvation.

Zomi Frankcom is a tragic victim in the stalemated Israel-Hamas war, but don’t expect Australia’s approach to change much

Retrieved on: 
Friday, April 5, 2024

Talleyrand was an archetypal exponent of realpolitik, and history provides numerous examples of the validity of his remark.

Key Points: 
  • Talleyrand was an archetypal exponent of realpolitik, and history provides numerous examples of the validity of his remark.
  • One is the prolonged US bombing of North Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos during the Vietnam war in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
  • Though the ministry is managed by Hamas, the World Health Organization describes its data collection as “credible and well developed”.
  • Israel claims 13,000 of those killed were Hamas fighters, though it has not said how it calculated that figure.

Claims of poor coordination refuted

  • The IDF and defence ministry claimed the strikes on the World Central Kitchen vehicles followed misidentification and poor coordination at night in complex war conditions because of suspicion an armed militant was travelling with them.
  • The Israeli newspaper Haaretz, citing defence sources, has refuted these claims.
  • The army’s killing of seven aid workers in the Gaza Strip on Monday night “stemmed from poor discipline among field commanders, not a lack of coordination between the army and aid organisations”.

How will this affect Australia’s position?

  • Albanese said he expressed Australia’s outrage at Frankcom’s death and said he wanted “full accountability”.
  • He added that he made clear Australia believes humanitarian assistance must reach people in Gaza unimpeded and in large quantities.
  • It also suggested Netanyahu has a closer eye on his political standing in Israel than the international reaction to the deaths.

Don’t expect much change

  • The reality is not much is likely to change in terms of Australia’s dealings with Israel.
  • Foreign Minister Penny Wong has already made clear no Australian military equipment has been sold to Israel since the start of the Gaza war.
  • Australia’s defence exports to Israel are in any case miniscule – A$13 million over the past five years.
  • Wong has said many times Israel has the right to defend itself but the way it does so matters.


Ian Parmeter does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

Gaza update: pressure mounts on Israel’s allies to stop supplying the weapons to prevent genocide

Retrieved on: 
Friday, April 5, 2024

“If you aim at the driver’s side, you will hit the driver full-on,” Chris Lincoln-Jones told the newspaper.

Key Points: 
  • “If you aim at the driver’s side, you will hit the driver full-on,” Chris Lincoln-Jones told the newspaper.
  • It is also thought probable that they were launched from a Hermes drone, made by Elbit Systems – also an Israeli manufacturer.
  • The letter, which the newspaper reports amounts to a legal opinion, says UK arms sales to Israel breach international law and must stop.
  • One obvious way to do that is to stop selling them weapons.


Now many of the aid agencies operating in Gaza have suspended their activities. As Stavropoulou and Schiffling write here, the difficulty of getting aid to the population threatens to make the famine that is engulfing the Gaza Strip worse than it already is.

Read more:
More than 200 aid workers have been killed in Gaza, making famine more likely

UN resolution

  • We spoke with John Strawson, an expert in Israeli politics at the University of East London, who kindly answered our questions about the politics of the situation, especially the US decision not to use its veto to block the resolution after decades of faithfully supporting successive Israeli governments in the security council.
  • Expert Q&A

    Given that Netanyahu has indicated that Israel will not abide by security council resolution 2728 – and the US has said that it’s a non-binding resolution in any case – what does international law say about the enforceability of US resolutions?

  • There appears no reason why resolution 2728 is not legally binding and, if push comes to shove, the security council could order that UN members “take such action by air, sea, or land forces as may be necessary to maintain or restore international peace and security”.

Starvation behind the ‘Iron Wall’

  • According to the Hamas-run Gaza health ministry the total has now passed 33,000 people.
  • Nnenna Awah, whose PhD research at Sheffield Hallam University is in optimising food supply chains, walks us through the different classifications of food insecurity.
  • Kaplan says it is the embodiment of Israel’s “Iron Wall” ideology, developed even before statehood was declared in 1948.
  • Kaplan says that Jabotinsky’s ideological heirs in Likud (including Netanyahu) have rejected more liberal Israeli compromise positions ever since.