Skeleton

‘It could be the death of the museum’: why research cuts at a South Australian institution have scientists up in arms

Retrieved on: 
Friday, April 19, 2024

“It could be the death of the museum,” says renowned mammalogist Tim Flannery, a former director of the museum.

Key Points: 
  • “It could be the death of the museum,” says renowned mammalogist Tim Flannery, a former director of the museum.
  • “To say research isn’t important to what a museum does – it’s sending shock waves across the world,” she says.

What’s the plan?

  • According to the museum’s website, this skeleton crew will focus on “converting new discoveries and research into the visitor experience”.
  • Others have tackled global questions such as the evolution of birds from dinosaurs, how eyes evolved in Cambrian fossils, and Antarctic biodiversity.

What’s so special about a museum?

  • Their remits are different, says University of Adelaide botanist Andy Lowe, who was the museum’s acting director in 2013 and 2014.
  • Unlike universities, he says, the museum was “established by government, to carry out science for the development of the state”.
  • “They’re crucial for what goes on above; you need experts not second-hand translators,” says University of Adelaide geologist Alan Collins.
  • He wonders what will happen the next time a youngster comes into the museum asking to identify a rock.
  • The museum’s Phillip Jones now uses this collection in his research, delivering more than 30 exhibitions, books and academic papers.

Continuity and community

  • Without attentive curation and the life blood of research, the collections are doomed to “wither and die”, says Flannery.
  • That raises the issue of continuity.
  • In Flannery’s words, the job of a museum curator:
    is like being a high priest in a temple.
  • Over Jones’ four decades at the museum, his relationships with Indigenous elders have also been critical to returning sacred objects to their traditional owners.
  • Besides the priestly “chain of care”, there’s something else at risk in the museum netherworld: a uniquely productive ecosystem feeding on the collections.
  • Here you’ll find PhD students mingling with retired academics; curators mingling with scientists; museum folk with university folk.
  • In the year ending 2023 for instance, joint museum and university grants amounted to A$3.7 million.

DNA and biodiversity

  • The museum has also declared it will no longer support a DNA sequencing lab it funds jointly with the University of Adelaide.
  • “No other institute in South Australia does this type of biodiversity research,” says Andrew Austin, chair of Taxonomy Australia and emeritus professor at the University of Adelaide.
  • “It’s the job of the museum.” The cuts come while the SA government plans new laws to protect biodiversity.


Elizabeth Finkel does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

Why you shouldn’t be afraid to start running after middle age

Retrieved on: 
Friday, April 19, 2024

As someone who started marathon running in mid-life, I know how many aches and pains (and doubts) you can have if you take on the challenge to start running at an older age.

Key Points: 
  • As someone who started marathon running in mid-life, I know how many aches and pains (and doubts) you can have if you take on the challenge to start running at an older age.
  • Hobbling around my orthopaedic hospital after my first marathon actually led me to do research on runners.
  • The high-resolution MRI scans found most of the 115 middle-aged participants had abnormalities in their knees before starting marathon training.
  • But while osteoarthritis is more common after middle age, it may actually be a lack of activity that leads to osteoarthritis.
  • Reduced muscle use, whether it is through inactivity or sarcopenia or both, also reduces the production of anti-inflammatory myokines from the muscles.
  • These chemicals are released when we exercise, and help reduce joint swelling and calm irritated joint linings.
  • This effect is pronounced in runners because running uses some of the largest muscles in the body – such as the glutes, quadriceps and hamstrings.

Where to begin

  • If you want to start running, the main message is to ease into it to reduce the risk of injury.
  • One of the best ways to ease into running in mid-life is the NHS Couch to 5K running programme.
  • It’s a free guide that will help you gradually work up towards running 5km in just nine weeks.
  • If you’ve experienced any of these problems, you’ll want to be careful when exercising to avoid further damage.


Alister Hart receives funding from 3 charities: The Rosetrees Trust, Arthroplasty for Arthritis and The Maurice Hatter Foundation.

How a teenager helped identify a new species of giant marine reptile

Retrieved on: 
Thursday, April 18, 2024

A strange and enormous jawbone was discovered on the English coastline eight years ago, but my team was hesitant to identify it as a new species until more specimens came to light.

Key Points: 
  • A strange and enormous jawbone was discovered on the English coastline eight years ago, but my team was hesitant to identify it as a new species until more specimens came to light.
  • Now, with the discovery of a second giant jawbone several years later, we have named a new species of ichthyosaur, an ancient marine reptile.
  • In 2016, prolific fossil hunter Paul de la Salle, unearthed a giant jawbone on the beach at Lilstock in Somerset.
  • My team, including De la Salle, studied this discovery and published our findings in 2018 in the journal PLOS One.
  • The preservation and fine detail provided new information that also helped us to better reinterpret De la Salle’s original bone.
  • We therefore erected a new genus (taxonomic rank) and species of giant ichthyosaur that we called Ichthyotitan severnensis, meaning “giant fish lizard of the Severn”.

Blue whale-sized giants

  • Using a basic formula called a simple scaling factor, we can estimate that our ichthyosaur was up to 26 metres long, about the size of a blue whale.
  • Comparisons with the same bone in other ichthyosaurs suggests that Ichthyotitan was between 20 and 26 metres in length.
  • We have to be careful with such estimations due to differences among species, such as those with long or short snouts.
  • At 202 million years old, the fossils narrowly predate a global extinction event that eradicated these giants – and marine reptiles would never reach such a size again.

Anyone can make a contribution

  • I asked them whether they would like to join my team to study this fossil and they agreed.
  • Ruby Reynolds is now a published scientist who not only found but also helped to name a gigantic prehistoric reptile.
  • Palaeontology is one of those sciences where anybody can make a significant contribution.


Dean Lomax worked with Paul de la Salle, Marcello Perillo, Justin and Ruby Reynolds and Jimmy Waldron of the Dinosaurs Will Always Be Awesome Museum on the referenced research. He dedicates the work to Paul de la Salle who found the first surangular in 2016.

EverCharge Announces Leadership Changes

Retrieved on: 
Monday, April 1, 2024

Prior to joining EverCharge, he served as President and CEO of Shell Recharge Solutions Americas and Asia (formerly Greenlots), a Los Angeles-based EV charging business, where he created over 200 green and skilled jobs in the EV sector.

Key Points: 
  • Prior to joining EverCharge, he served as President and CEO of Shell Recharge Solutions Americas and Asia (formerly Greenlots), a Los Angeles-based EV charging business, where he created over 200 green and skilled jobs in the EV sector.
  • As an industry veteran, he will help EverCharge advance and scale its presence in the fleet, workplace and multi-unit residential segments, while closely partnering with Taeho Kang.
  • Kang, a seasoned SK Group executive and Vice President, Head of EV Charging at PassKey, led the acquisition of EverCharge by SK Group in March 2022.
  • These leadership changes are effective immediately.

Reallusion Releases Fully Rigged Character Bases for Free Download

Retrieved on: 
Friday, March 22, 2024

SAN JOSE, Calif., March 22, 2024 /PRNewswire-PRWeb/ -- Reallusion, a trailblazer in simplifying character creation processes and breaking down animation barriers for 2D & 3D artists, is excited to announce the release of its highly praised Character Creator (CC) character bases, now accessible for free download. Recognized for their well-balanced and fully rigged topology, these animatable character bases facilitate effortless customization for a wide range of scenarios.

Key Points: 
  • SAN JOSE, Calif., March 22, 2024 /PRNewswire-PRWeb/ -- Reallusion, a trailblazer in simplifying character creation processes and breaking down animation barriers for 2D & 3D artists, is excited to announce the release of its highly praised Character Creator (CC) character bases, now accessible for free download .
  • Recognized for their well-balanced and fully rigged topology, these animatable character bases facilitate effortless customization for a wide range of scenarios.
  • To familiarize more individuals to the benefits of CC bases, Reallusion is generously offering five sets of CC characters for free.
  • For those eager to delve into an enhanced character creation experience, Reallusion warmly invites users to download Character Creator for free.

First Skeleton-Wide Study of Blood Cell Formation Yields Surprising Findings

Retrieved on: 
Wednesday, March 20, 2024

CINCINNATI, March 20, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Imagine being able to count the different types of blood cells being formed inside the tiny bones of a mouse and pinpointing the strings and clusters of cells within the bone marrow that are responsible for producing specific types of blood cells.

Key Points: 
  • "Meanwhile, efforts to stimulate production of certain blood cell types may be dramatically improved by focusing on specific bone types."
  • The key discoveries reported in the paper include:
    New tools allowing visualization of blood production inside the bone, allowing defining the basic anatomy of blood cell formation.
  • Among several examples: blood loss triggered rapid red blood cell production in the sternum, tibia, vertebrae, and humerus -- but not in the skull.
  • Importantly, the process developed for this study allowed the team to analyze blood cell development in multiple parts of the skeleton.

Capricor Therapeutics Presents at 2024 Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA) Clinical & Scientific Conference

Retrieved on: 
Wednesday, March 6, 2024

SAN DIEGO, March 06, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Capricor Therapeutics (NASDAQ: CAPR), a biotechnology company developing transformative cell and exosome-based therapeutics for the treatment and prevention of rare diseases, announced today that the Company will present the positive 24-month results from its HOPE-2 open-label extension (OLE) study with lead asset, CAP-1002, for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) at this year’s MDA Clinical and Scientific Conference which is taking place in Orlando, Florida from March 3-6, 2024.

Key Points: 
  • SAN DIEGO, March 06, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Capricor Therapeutics (NASDAQ: CAPR), a biotechnology company developing transformative cell and exosome-based therapeutics for the treatment and prevention of rare diseases, announced today that the Company will present the positive 24-month results from its HOPE-2 open-label extension (OLE) study with lead asset, CAP-1002, for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) at this year’s MDA Clinical and Scientific Conference which is taking place in Orlando, Florida from March 3-6, 2024.
  • CAP-1002 revealed clinically meaningful improvements in ameliorating cardiac function.
  • “We are pleased to be presenting our positive long-term open label extension data at this year’s MDA Conference,” said Linda Marbán, Ph.D., chief executive officer of Capricor.
  • These two-year results suggest that CAP-1002 has the potential to slow the decline of DMD progression and speaks to the potential long-term benefit for patients.

Bone Voyage! Physician Publishes New Children's Book Teaching Kids About Their Skeletal System

Retrieved on: 
Wednesday, February 28, 2024

SAN MARCOS, Calif., Feb. 27, 2024 /PRNewswire-PRWeb/ -- "Sticks and stones may break bones, but words will never hurt you." A phrase readers may know but identified by many as inaccurate. Agreeing to the accuracy of the quote is author Paulette Smartmackey. Instead of seeing words as an opportunity to hurt others, she uses them as a chance for children to learn about their skeletal system in her animated guide, "Meet Skulle."

Key Points: 
  • Instead of seeing words as an opportunity to hurt others, she uses them as a chance for children to learn about their skeletal system in her animated guide, "Meet Skulle."
  • I hope my book will help readers of all ages understand that learning can be fun!"
  • "From the cranium to the metatarsals;" Smartmackey said, "readers are taken on an interactive journey through the world of the skeletal system, with engaging narrative and interaction questions."
  • I hope my book will help readers of all ages understand that learning can be fun!"

An awkward family reunion: Sea monsters are our cousins

Retrieved on: 
Wednesday, February 21, 2024

KANSAS CITY, Mo., Feb. 21, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- The sea lamprey, a 500-million-year-old animal with a sharp-toothed suction cup for a mouth, is the thing of nightmares. A new study from the Stowers Institute for Medical Research discovered that the hindbrain—the part of the brain controlling vital functions like blood pressure and heart rate—of both sea lampreys and humans is built using an extraordinarily similar molecular and genetic toolkit.

Key Points: 
  • The team unexpectedly uncovered that a crucial molecular cue is very broadly required during vertebrate hindbrain development.
  • Because most vertebrates, including humans, have jaws, this striking difference in sea lampreys makes them valuable models for understanding the evolution of vertebrate traits.
  • Surprisingly, they found that the sea lamprey core hindbrain circuit is also initiated by retinoic acid, providing evidence that these sea monsters and humans are much more closely related than anticipated.
  • "People thought that because sea lampreys lack a jaw, their hindbrain was not formed like other vertebrates," said Krumlauf.

Modern palaeontology keeps unmasking fossil forgeries – and a new study has uncovered the latest fake

Retrieved on: 
Friday, February 16, 2024

This is a serious problem – counterfeited specimens can mislead palaeontologists into studying an ancient past that never existed.

Key Points: 
  • This is a serious problem – counterfeited specimens can mislead palaeontologists into studying an ancient past that never existed.
  • In a new study, my colleagues and I reveal a surprising truth about a fossil celebrated for decades as one of the best preserved fossils from the Alps.
  • The Tridentinosaurus antiquus was a small lizard-like reptile that lived during the Permian period (299-252 million years ago), where the Alps are today.
  • The fossil has been reported in books and articles but has never been studied in detail with modern techniques.


The circumstances behind this forgery are unknown, but we know that it took place before 1959 – the date of the official scientific description of the fossil. However, this discovery is a reminder of how important it is to report such specimens and combat fossil forgeries.

The history of fossil forgeries

  • The history of fossil forgery goes as far back as the dawn of palaeontology itself, with early reports dating back to the late 18th and 19th centuries.
  • This was mainly driven by the lucrative market of selling fossil specimens to private collectors and museums.
  • Scientists have discovered that natural history museums around the world have counterfeit specimens in their collections.
  • The fossil trade in Morocco alone is worth US$40 million (£32 million) a year and supplies fossil shows all over the world.
  • We might not be able to put an end to the making of fake fossils, but we are here and ready to unmask them and protect our marvellous fossil heritage.
  • Valentina Rossi is currently affiliated with the University College Cork.
  • 11/34; CUP H32F20000010003) awarded to Prof. Evelyn Kustatscher (Museum of Nature South Tyrol, Bolzano, Italy).