Freezing

China’s new world order: looking for clues from Xi’s recent meetings with foreign leaders

Retrieved on: 
Friday, April 19, 2024
Xi, Negotiation, Policy, Child, Wind, Freezing, Diplomacy, G7, UN, Arms industry

This has also meant that Chinese foreign policy has become more personalised and that Xi’s own diplomatic engagements offer potentially important clues about its direction.

Key Points: 
  • This has also meant that Chinese foreign policy has become more personalised and that Xi’s own diplomatic engagements offer potentially important clues about its direction.
  • The international order is clearly in flux and a key driver of this change, by its own admission, has been China.
  • Read more:
    Xi and Biden spoke on the phone for 105 minutes: what does this say about their relationship?

The European dynamic

  • Engagements with Germany, however, also have a broader European, and especially EU dimension.
  • Germany now has its own moderately hawkish China strategy, aiming to reduce economic reliance on Beijing.
  • But Berlin is still considered softer than many other EU member states and therefore an important ally for Beijing within the EU and in EU-US deliberations on China policy.
  • From a German and European perspective, the Russian conduct in the war against Ukraine remains a key concern.

Scholz and Xi on diplomacy

  • These included sovereignty and territorial integrity, and the importance to explore diplomatic ways to end the war.
  • What is significant is Scholz’s statement that rather than western military support for Ukraine, diplomacy now takes centre-stage.
  • China’s approach to managing, and shaping, the fluidity of the international system relies predominantly on diplomacy, albeit with a significant coercive streak.


Stefan Wolff is a past recipient of grant funding from the Natural Environment Research Council of the UK, the United States Institute of Peace, the Economic and Social Research Council of the UK, the British Academy, the NATO Science for Peace Programme, the EU Framework Programmes 6 and 7 and Horizon 2020, as well as the EU's Jean Monnet Programme. He is a Trustee and Honorary Treasurer of the Political Studies Association of the UK and a Senior Research Fellow at the Foreign Policy Centre in London.

Draft guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products

Retrieved on: 
Thursday, April 18, 2024
Reproduction, Midol, Medical device, Particle size, QRD, Patient, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Food packaging, DPI, CTD, Isocyanate, European Pharmacopoeia, Roflumilast, GSD, Scope, Asthma, OIP, Clinical trial, European, COPD, APSD, Marketing, CQA, Nasal mucosa, Medical device regulation, Medication, Solvent, No-no, RH, Ageing, Draft, Gel, EMA, Freezing, Outline, Risk assessment, Uniformity, Chemistry, Pressurization, Micronization, Clutch (eggs), Blister, CHMP, Mass, MDI, Solubility, Documentation, Life cycle, Pharmacopoeia, Capsule, Bias, LDPE, Inhalation, Conformity, Publication, The central science, ICH, Orientation, NB, Lubricant, AIM, Excipient, Temperature, Monograph, Humidity, Cold, Light, Life, Medication package insert, Rugosity, Quality, Water, Yesa, Administration, Weight loss, Life insurance

17

Key Points: 
    • 17

      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and
      nasal medicinal products

      18

      Table of contents

      19

      Executive summary ..................................................................................... 3

      20

      1.

    • Lifecycle management ........................................................................................ 28

      49

      Definitions ................................................................................................. 29

      16

      50
      51

      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 2/30

      52

      Executive summary

      53

      This guideline is the first revision of the guideline on pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal

      54

      products (EMEA/CHMP/QWP/49313/2005 Corr).

    • Quality aspects specific to inhalation and nasal medicinal products are discussed, the need for

      66

      safety testing (e.g., for excipients and leachables) is also considered.

    • 69

      Detailed guidance on pharmaceutical development study designs (e.g., priming studies) and the

      70

      analytical procedures primarily used for inhalation and nasal medicinal products (e.g., cascade

      71

      impactor analysis) is not included in this guideline.

    • Scope

      74

      The guideline addresses requirements "on the quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products" in

      75

      new marketing authorisation applications, including abridged applications.

    • Liquid inhalation anaesthetics and nasal ointments, creams and gels are

      88

      excluded, however the general principles described in this guideline should be considered.

    • 118

      Different polymorphic forms including any amorphous content could affect the quality or performance

      119

      of the finished medicinal product.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 4/30

      132

      The primary packaging, type of inhaler and, if necessary, the secondary packaging or other

      133

      components required for reasons of stability should be described.

    • Pharmaceutical
      development study

      (a) Physical
      characterisation
      (b) Minimum fill
      justification
      (c) Extractable
      volume

      Pressurised

      Dry powder

      Preparations for

      Non-

      metered-

      inhalers (DPI)

      nebulisation

      pressurised

      dose

      metered-

      Device-

      Pre-

      Single-

      Multi-

      (pMDI)

      metered

      metered

      dose

      dose

      inhalers

      Yesa

      Yes

      Yes

      Yesa

      Yesa

      Yesa

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      No

      No

      Yes

      No

      No

      inhalers

      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      dose

      Page 5/30

      Table 4.2.1.

    • The last doses delivered by

      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 7/30

      179

      the inhaler as defined by the label claim, should meet the finished medicinal product specification limits

      180

      for delivered dose and fine particle dose.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 9/30

      263
      264

      4.2.2.8.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 11/30

      345

      Instructions regarding cold temperature use should be provided in the product information.

    • Finished medicinal
      product

      Pressurised

      Dry powder inhalers

      Preparations for

      metered-

      (DPI)

      nebulisation

      dose

      Nonpressurised
      metered-dose

      Device-

      Pre-

      Single-

      Multi-

      (pMDI)

      metered

      metered

      dose

      dose

      inhalers

      (a) Description

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      (b) Assay

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      (c) Moisture content

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      No

      No

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      No

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      No

      Yes

      specification test

      (d) Mean delivered
      dose
      (e) Uniformity of
      delivered dose

      inhalers

      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 15/30

      Table 4.2.2.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 16/30

      510

      4.2.5.4.

    • The proposed specification limits should take into account the shelf-life performance of the
      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 17/30

      552

      medicinal product.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 18/30

      586

      All medical devices, including inhalers and nasal devices, have to fulfil the general requirements as

      587

      outlined in the Medical Device Regulation (EU) 2017/745.

    • Stability (CTD 3.2.P.8)

      598

      All inhalation medicinal products should be tested on stability against the stability indicating tests

      599

      included in the finished medicinal product specification.

    • Quality data requirements as

      619

      described in this guideline should be met, supplemented by appropriate comparative quality and

      620

      clinical data with respect to the chosen reference medicinal product.

    • 621

      For inhalation medicinal products comparative in vitro data between the abridged application medicinal

      622

      product and the reference medicinal product must be provided.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 20/30

      670

      Nature and contents of container: The type of the device and its components should be listed.

    • Nasal medicinal products

      695

      Inhalation and nasal medicinal products have many similarities and therefore, most of the

      696

      requirements specified for inhalation medicinal products in section 4 also apply for nasal medicinal

      697

      products.

    • One difference between inhalation and nasal medicinal products is the desired

      698

      particle/droplet size of the finished medicinal product.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 21/30

      704

      5.2.

    • Nasal liquids
      Pharmaceutical
      development
      study

      Pressurised

      Nasal

      metered-

      powders,

      dose nasal

      device-

      spray

      metered

      NonSingledose
      drops

      Multidose
      drops

      Single-

      pressurised

      dose

      multidose

      spray

      metereddose spray

      (a) Physical
      characterisation
      (b) Minimum fill
      justification
      (d) Extractables /
      leachables

      Yesa

      Yes

      Yesa

      Yesa

      Yesa

      Yesa

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      No

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      No

      No

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      No

      Yes

      Yes

      (f) Particle /
      droplet size
      distribution
      (g) Uniformity of
      delivered dose
      through container
      life
      (j) Actuator /
      mouthpiece
      deposition

      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 22/30

      Table 5.2.1.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 23/30

      728

      5.2.2.2.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 24/30

      769

      5.2.5.

    • Quality data requirements as described in

      799

      this guideline should be met, supplemented by appropriate comparative quality and clinical data with

      800

      respect to the chosen reference medicinal product.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 27/30

      849

      5.5.

    • 866

      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 28/30

      867

      Definitions
      Activation:

      The act of setting in motion the delivery device.

    • Delivery device:

      The sum of component(s) of the container closure system responsible for
      delivering the active substance to the respiratory tract (inhalation medicinal
      product) or the nasal and/or pharyngeal region (nasal medicinal product).

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 29/30

      Label claim:

      The amount of active substance (usually on a per actuation basis) declared
      on the label of the medicinal product.

    • Nasal medicinal

      A finished medicinal product (including the delivery device, where

      product:

      applicable) whose intended site of deposition is the nasal and/or pharyngeal
      region.

    • 868
      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 30/30

Draft guideline on good agricultural and collection practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin - Revision 1

Retrieved on: 
Thursday, April 18, 2024
Reproduction, SCOPE, Eating, Pesticide, Convention, Change control, Confusion, Alkaloid, Climate, Fungus, Directive (European Union), Ethylene oxide, Wind, Wood, Glass, European Medicines Agency, HMPS, QDG, Hygiene, Water, Marketing, Fertilizer, Legislation, Manure, Distillation, Risk, Education, Committee, Compost, Draft, Policy, Person, EMA, Seed, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, Collection, Freezing, GMP, Risk assessment, GACP, Sunlight, Fermentation, Personal protective equipment, Animal, Herbal, Herbicide, Weather, INTRODUCTION, Documentation, Regeneration, Decontamination, EudraLex, Disease, International trade, European Pharmacopoeia, Part, Livestock, Public, Inhalation, Knowledge, Seedling, Factorization of polynomials, Record, Plant, Skin, API, Irrigation, Part Two, Soil, Directive, Pharmacopoeia, Codex, Guideline, Temperature, Attention, Hydrocarbon, Pyrrolizidine alkaloid, Polychlorinated biphenyl, Growth, Rotation, Incineration, Environment, Humidity, Smell, Ventilation, Light, Bird, Mineral, Fumigation, Pyrrolizidine, SOP, Housing, Smoking, Atmosphere, Postharvest, Rain, Liver, QWP, Medicinal plants

REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................... 14

Key Points: 
    • REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................... 14

      29

      Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 3/14

      30

      EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

      31
      32
      33
      34
      35
      36

      This guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin

      37

      1.

    • Due to the inherent
      complexity of medicinal plants and herbal substances the quality of these starting materials requires an
      adequate quality assurance system for the collection and/or cultivation, harvest, and primary
      processing.
    • (either outdoor, indoor or in greenhouses) should be carefully considered, since each of the mentioned
      types could have several problems and advantages.
    • The used cultivation method may be dependent on
      the final application of the herbal medicinal product.
    • primary processing of herbal substances that are used for the preparation of herbal medicinal products.
    • medicinal plants and herbal substances, ensuring that they are handled appropriately throughout all
      stages of cultivation, collection, processing and storage.
    • their preparations are exposed to a large number of environmental contaminants of both biotic and
      abiotic origin.
    • to existing wildlife habitats and must adhere to CITES (Convention on International Trade in
      Endangered species of Wild Fauna and Flora).
    • https://health.ec.europa.eu/document/download/bd537ccf-9271-4230-bca1-2d...
      4 https://health.ec.europa.eu/document/download/fd318dd6-2404-4e67-82b0232...
      3

      Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 5/14

      104

      4.

    • Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 6/14

      147
      148
      149

      8.

    • Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 7/14

      185

      7.

    • Where possible, stable varieties and cultivars naturally
      Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 8/14

      227
      228

      resistant or tolerant to disease should preferably be used.

    • Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 9/14

      268
      269
      270
      271
      272
      273

      The application should be carried out only by qualified staff using approved equipment.

    • The following should be noted:

      Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 10/14

      309
      310

      ?

      311
      312
      313

      ?

      314
      315
      316
      317

      ?

      318
      319
      320

      ?

      321
      322

      ?

      323
      324
      325

      ?

      326
      327
      328

      ?

      Damaged plants or plant parts need to be excluded or limited in accordance with a specific
      pharmacopoeia monograph, where relevant.

    • Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 11/14

      347
      348

      directly to the sun (except in cases where there is a specific need) and must be protected from
      rainfall, insect infestation, etc.

    • The label must be clear, permanently fixed and made from

      6

      Reflection paper on the use of fumigants (EMEA/HMPC/125562/2006)

      Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 12/14

      386
      387

      non-toxic material.

    • Certain exudates that have not been subjected to a specific treatment are

      Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 13/14

      425
      426
      427

      also considered to be herbal substances.

    • European Pharmacopoeia General Monograph ?HERBAL DRUGS? 07/2017:1433

      Are obtained by subjecting herbal substances to treatments such as
      extraction, distillation, expression, fractionation, purification, concentration
      or fermentation.

Draft guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products

Retrieved on: 
Thursday, April 18, 2024
Reproduction, Midol, Medical device, Particle size, QRD, Patient, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Food packaging, DPI, CTD, Isocyanate, European Pharmacopoeia, Roflumilast, GSD, Scope, Asthma, OIP, Clinical trial, European, COPD, APSD, Marketing, CQA, Nasal mucosa, Medical device regulation, Medication, Solvent, No-no, RH, Ageing, Draft, Gel, EMA, Freezing, Outline, Risk assessment, Uniformity, Chemistry, Pressurization, Micronization, Clutch (eggs), Blister, CHMP, Mass, MDI, Solubility, Documentation, Life cycle, Pharmacopoeia, Capsule, Bias, LDPE, Inhalation, Conformity, Publication, The central science, ICH, Orientation, NB, Lubricant, AIM, Excipient, Temperature, Monograph, Humidity, Cold, Light, Life, Medication package insert, Rugosity, Quality, Water, Yesa, Administration, Weight loss, Life insurance

17

Key Points: 
    • 17

      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and
      nasal medicinal products

      18

      Table of contents

      19

      Executive summary ..................................................................................... 3

      20

      1.

    • Lifecycle management ........................................................................................ 28

      49

      Definitions ................................................................................................. 29

      16

      50
      51

      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 2/30

      52

      Executive summary

      53

      This guideline is the first revision of the guideline on pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal

      54

      products (EMEA/CHMP/QWP/49313/2005 Corr).

    • Quality aspects specific to inhalation and nasal medicinal products are discussed, the need for

      66

      safety testing (e.g., for excipients and leachables) is also considered.

    • 69

      Detailed guidance on pharmaceutical development study designs (e.g., priming studies) and the

      70

      analytical procedures primarily used for inhalation and nasal medicinal products (e.g., cascade

      71

      impactor analysis) is not included in this guideline.

    • Scope

      74

      The guideline addresses requirements "on the quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products" in

      75

      new marketing authorisation applications, including abridged applications.

    • Liquid inhalation anaesthetics and nasal ointments, creams and gels are

      88

      excluded, however the general principles described in this guideline should be considered.

    • 118

      Different polymorphic forms including any amorphous content could affect the quality or performance

      119

      of the finished medicinal product.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 4/30

      132

      The primary packaging, type of inhaler and, if necessary, the secondary packaging or other

      133

      components required for reasons of stability should be described.

    • Pharmaceutical
      development study

      (a) Physical
      characterisation
      (b) Minimum fill
      justification
      (c) Extractable
      volume

      Pressurised

      Dry powder

      Preparations for

      Non-

      metered-

      inhalers (DPI)

      nebulisation

      pressurised

      dose

      metered-

      Device-

      Pre-

      Single-

      Multi-

      (pMDI)

      metered

      metered

      dose

      dose

      inhalers

      Yesa

      Yes

      Yes

      Yesa

      Yesa

      Yesa

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      No

      No

      Yes

      No

      No

      inhalers

      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      dose

      Page 5/30

      Table 4.2.1.

    • The last doses delivered by

      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 7/30

      179

      the inhaler as defined by the label claim, should meet the finished medicinal product specification limits

      180

      for delivered dose and fine particle dose.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 9/30

      263
      264

      4.2.2.8.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 11/30

      345

      Instructions regarding cold temperature use should be provided in the product information.

    • Finished medicinal
      product

      Pressurised

      Dry powder inhalers

      Preparations for

      metered-

      (DPI)

      nebulisation

      dose

      Nonpressurised
      metered-dose

      Device-

      Pre-

      Single-

      Multi-

      (pMDI)

      metered

      metered

      dose

      dose

      inhalers

      (a) Description

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      (b) Assay

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      (c) Moisture content

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      No

      No

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      No

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      No

      Yes

      specification test

      (d) Mean delivered
      dose
      (e) Uniformity of
      delivered dose

      inhalers

      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 15/30

      Table 4.2.2.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 16/30

      510

      4.2.5.4.

    • The proposed specification limits should take into account the shelf-life performance of the
      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 17/30

      552

      medicinal product.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 18/30

      586

      All medical devices, including inhalers and nasal devices, have to fulfil the general requirements as

      587

      outlined in the Medical Device Regulation (EU) 2017/745.

    • Stability (CTD 3.2.P.8)

      598

      All inhalation medicinal products should be tested on stability against the stability indicating tests

      599

      included in the finished medicinal product specification.

    • Quality data requirements as

      619

      described in this guideline should be met, supplemented by appropriate comparative quality and

      620

      clinical data with respect to the chosen reference medicinal product.

    • 621

      For inhalation medicinal products comparative in vitro data between the abridged application medicinal

      622

      product and the reference medicinal product must be provided.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 20/30

      670

      Nature and contents of container: The type of the device and its components should be listed.

    • Nasal medicinal products

      695

      Inhalation and nasal medicinal products have many similarities and therefore, most of the

      696

      requirements specified for inhalation medicinal products in section 4 also apply for nasal medicinal

      697

      products.

    • One difference between inhalation and nasal medicinal products is the desired

      698

      particle/droplet size of the finished medicinal product.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 21/30

      704

      5.2.

    • Nasal liquids
      Pharmaceutical
      development
      study

      Pressurised

      Nasal

      metered-

      powders,

      dose nasal

      device-

      spray

      metered

      NonSingledose
      drops

      Multidose
      drops

      Single-

      pressurised

      dose

      multidose

      spray

      metereddose spray

      (a) Physical
      characterisation
      (b) Minimum fill
      justification
      (d) Extractables /
      leachables

      Yesa

      Yes

      Yesa

      Yesa

      Yesa

      Yesa

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      No

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      No

      No

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      No

      Yes

      Yes

      (f) Particle /
      droplet size
      distribution
      (g) Uniformity of
      delivered dose
      through container
      life
      (j) Actuator /
      mouthpiece
      deposition

      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 22/30

      Table 5.2.1.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 23/30

      728

      5.2.2.2.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 24/30

      769

      5.2.5.

    • Quality data requirements as described in

      799

      this guideline should be met, supplemented by appropriate comparative quality and clinical data with

      800

      respect to the chosen reference medicinal product.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 27/30

      849

      5.5.

    • 866

      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 28/30

      867

      Definitions
      Activation:

      The act of setting in motion the delivery device.

    • Delivery device:

      The sum of component(s) of the container closure system responsible for
      delivering the active substance to the respiratory tract (inhalation medicinal
      product) or the nasal and/or pharyngeal region (nasal medicinal product).

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 29/30

      Label claim:

      The amount of active substance (usually on a per actuation basis) declared
      on the label of the medicinal product.

    • Nasal medicinal

      A finished medicinal product (including the delivery device, where

      product:

      applicable) whose intended site of deposition is the nasal and/or pharyngeal
      region.

    • 868
      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 30/30

Draft guideline on good agricultural and collection practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin - Revision 1

Retrieved on: 
Thursday, April 18, 2024
Reproduction, SCOPE, Eating, Pesticide, Convention, Change control, Confusion, Alkaloid, Climate, Fungus, Directive (European Union), Ethylene oxide, Wind, Wood, Glass, European Medicines Agency, HMPS, QDG, Hygiene, Water, Marketing, Fertilizer, Legislation, Manure, Distillation, Risk, Education, Committee, Compost, Draft, Policy, Person, EMA, Seed, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, Collection, Freezing, GMP, Risk assessment, GACP, Sunlight, Fermentation, Personal protective equipment, Animal, Herbal, Herbicide, Weather, INTRODUCTION, Documentation, Regeneration, Decontamination, EudraLex, Disease, International trade, European Pharmacopoeia, Part, Livestock, Public, Inhalation, Knowledge, Seedling, Factorization of polynomials, Record, Plant, Skin, API, Irrigation, Part Two, Soil, Directive, Pharmacopoeia, Codex, Guideline, Temperature, Attention, Hydrocarbon, Pyrrolizidine alkaloid, Polychlorinated biphenyl, Growth, Rotation, Incineration, Environment, Humidity, Smell, Ventilation, Light, Bird, Mineral, Fumigation, Pyrrolizidine, SOP, Housing, Smoking, Atmosphere, Postharvest, Rain, Liver, QWP, Medicinal plants

REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................... 14

Key Points: 
    • REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................... 14

      29

      Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 3/14

      30

      EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

      31
      32
      33
      34
      35
      36

      This guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin

      37

      1.

    • Due to the inherent
      complexity of medicinal plants and herbal substances the quality of these starting materials requires an
      adequate quality assurance system for the collection and/or cultivation, harvest, and primary
      processing.
    • (either outdoor, indoor or in greenhouses) should be carefully considered, since each of the mentioned
      types could have several problems and advantages.
    • The used cultivation method may be dependent on
      the final application of the herbal medicinal product.
    • primary processing of herbal substances that are used for the preparation of herbal medicinal products.
    • medicinal plants and herbal substances, ensuring that they are handled appropriately throughout all
      stages of cultivation, collection, processing and storage.
    • their preparations are exposed to a large number of environmental contaminants of both biotic and
      abiotic origin.
    • to existing wildlife habitats and must adhere to CITES (Convention on International Trade in
      Endangered species of Wild Fauna and Flora).
    • https://health.ec.europa.eu/document/download/bd537ccf-9271-4230-bca1-2d...
      4 https://health.ec.europa.eu/document/download/fd318dd6-2404-4e67-82b0232...
      3

      Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

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      4.

    • Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

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      148
      149

      8.

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      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

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      7.

    • Where possible, stable varieties and cultivars naturally
      Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 8/14

      227
      228

      resistant or tolerant to disease should preferably be used.

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      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

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      269
      270
      271
      272
      273

      The application should be carried out only by qualified staff using approved equipment.

    • The following should be noted:

      Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

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      310

      ?

      311
      312
      313

      ?

      314
      315
      316
      317

      ?

      318
      319
      320

      ?

      321
      322

      ?

      323
      324
      325

      ?

      326
      327
      328

      ?

      Damaged plants or plant parts need to be excluded or limited in accordance with a specific
      pharmacopoeia monograph, where relevant.

    • Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

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      347
      348

      directly to the sun (except in cases where there is a specific need) and must be protected from
      rainfall, insect infestation, etc.

    • The label must be clear, permanently fixed and made from

      6

      Reflection paper on the use of fumigants (EMEA/HMPC/125562/2006)

      Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

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      386
      387

      non-toxic material.

    • Certain exudates that have not been subjected to a specific treatment are

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      425
      426
      427

      also considered to be herbal substances.

    • European Pharmacopoeia General Monograph ?HERBAL DRUGS? 07/2017:1433

      Are obtained by subjecting herbal substances to treatments such as
      extraction, distillation, expression, fractionation, purification, concentration
      or fermentation.

African wild dogs will soon have their own sperm bank – how artificial breeding will help them survive

Retrieved on: 
Wednesday, April 10, 2024
Lion, Gene, Disease, Lycaon, Rabies, Livestock, Research, Female, University, Freezing, Male, Dog, Breeding, Animal, Insemination, Hunting

They’ve now decided to freeze sperm from as many genetically diverse male African wild dogs as possible and use this to artificially inseminate female African wild dogs for the first time.

Key Points: 
  • They’ve now decided to freeze sperm from as many genetically diverse male African wild dogs as possible and use this to artificially inseminate female African wild dogs for the first time.
  • Reproductive and molecular biologist Damien Paris explains why artificial breeding is the best and most economical way to ensure that genetically diverse wild dogs live on.

Why is the African wild dog in danger?

  • They are highly efficient pack hunters but need large home ranges to survive and avoid competitors like lions.
  • The problem is that most of the remaining habitats are so small and fragmented that they can’t support large populations anymore.
  • Usually, when wild dogs are subadults (around two years old) they move far away and form their own pack.

How can genetic diversity help the African wild dog survive?

  • Those diseases can spread rapidly among wild dogs and decimate a pack, which is about five to 20 dogs.
  • In 2017, canine distemper virus completely wiped out 21 out of 22 packs of wild dogs in Laikipia County, Kenya in less than four weeks.
  • We plan to use sperm freezing and artificial insemination to help distribute genetic diversity between isolated populations.

What conservation methods have been used before?

  • To increase genetic diversity, African wild dogs have been translocated (moved) across South Africa since 1998.
  • Over several weeks, they form a new genetically mixed pack that is released into the wild.
  • A whole population of wild dogs could be lost with the next disease outbreak.

How will sperm freezing and artificial insemination help?

  • Our back-up plan against disease outbreaks is to create a bank of African wild dog sperm from multiple males.
  • Sperm frozen in liquid nitrogen tanks at very cold temperatures can last 50 or 100 years and still produce offspring.
  • We recently improved the freezing technique so African wild dog sperm are now able to swim and survive for eight hours after being thawed.
  • We plan to build a consortium so that we can have multiple sperm banks throughout South Africa as back-ups.

Will this be very expensive?

  • Some recent modelling in other species found that the hybrid approach was between seven and 84 times cheaper than the natural breeding approach.
  • This is because it needed 13-100 times fewer animals to maintain 90% genetic diversity in the population over a 100-year period.


Damien Boyd Bertrand Paul Paris receives funding from Morris Animal Foundation, Roger Willliams Park
Zoo and Fresno Chaffee Zoo. He is affiliated with James Cook University, the Institute for Breeding Rare and Endangered African Mammals, and is a Visiting Fellow of the Mammal Research Institute.

Jollibee Ranks as Second Fastest-Growing Restaurant Brand in the World

Retrieved on: 
Wednesday, April 10, 2024
EMEAA, Camping, Growth, Light, Chicken sandwich, Freezing, Love, USD, Peach, AAA, Food delivery

MANILA, PHILIPPINES - Media OutReach Newswire - 12 March 2024 - Jollibee has been recognized as the second fastest-growing restaurant brand in the world, according to the latest annual brand ranking report by Brand Finance, the world's leading independent brand valuation agency.

Key Points: 
  • MANILA, PHILIPPINES - Media OutReach Newswire - 12 March 2024 - Jollibee has been recognized as the second fastest-growing restaurant brand in the world, according to the latest annual brand ranking report by Brand Finance, the world's leading independent brand valuation agency.
  • The brand further solidified its position by achieving fifth place in the strongest restaurant brand category, elevating its rating from AA- to AAA.
  • In addition, Jollibee is the only Philippine brand listed in the 2024 Top 25 Most Valuable Restaurant Brands and Top 10 Strongest Restaurant Brands.
  • Jollibee, the flagship global brand within the Jollibee Group's extensive portfolio of 18 brands, originated in the Philippines in 1978.

Coreum Launches Bridge to Strengthen XRP's Interoperability and DeFi Power

Retrieved on: 
Wednesday, March 20, 2024
XRP, Entrepreneurship, Dapp, Cross, Freezing, Decentralized finance, Ecosystem, ISO, IBC, Ripple, Cryptocurrency

By launching its decentralized bridge to XRPL, Coreum puts DeFi capabilities in the hands of XRP and SOLO holders, enabling them to join staking pools and access over 110+ IBC chains

Key Points: 
  • Some of the singular Coreum features that the bridge delivers through the bridge include:
    Smart Token creation and management.
  • IBC interoperability ensures easy and secure asset flows from Coreum to more than 100 IBC-compatible chains and expands XRPL interactivity with new ecosystems and development opportunities.
  • "Launching our bridge with XRPL marks a significant breakthrough in blockchain interoperability for enterprises, giving those utilizing Ripple's technology the continued innovation they need and expect," says Bob Ras, Co-Founder of Coreum.
  • "We're very proud of our long-standing relationship with Ripple through Sologenic and Coreum, and bringing this bridge into fruition is an impactful step forward for continued collaboration."

Tanuki Announces “Cheeky” Memecoin Launchpad on Solana and Live Token Presale

Retrieved on: 
Monday, April 8, 2024
Ethereum, Cardano, Freezing, SUI, KYC, BNB, Metis, HTX, Tanuki, Cryptocurrency

DUBAI, UAE, April 08, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Tanuki launched recently on Solana, aiming to “redefine the meme game and bring unprecedented joy to the community” through the Tanuki Launchpad supporting reliable memecoin projects.

Key Points: 
  • DUBAI, UAE, April 08, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Tanuki launched recently on Solana, aiming to “redefine the meme game and bring unprecedented joy to the community” through the Tanuki Launchpad supporting reliable memecoin projects.
  • One of the platform's standout features is the Tanuki Launchpad, supporting the most used blockchains, including Solana, Ethereum, BNB, Avalanche, Arbitrum, SEI, SUI, Cardano, and Metis.
  • No less than 45% of the 2 billion $TANUPAD tokens are available for the presale , which is now live.
  • These security measures distinguish Tanuki as a reliable launchpad for projects that are not counterfeit or deceptive.

Syncromune® Inc. Presents Positive Results from SYNC-T™ SV-102 Phase 1 Trial at AACR Annual Meeting 2024

Retrieved on: 
Monday, April 8, 2024
Failure, Toxicity, Disease, Patient, Nebraska Medicine, University, Cancer research, PRS, Freezing, AACR, Neoplasm, Metastasis, Immune system, ASCO, Medical research, CRS, Pharmaceutical industry

FORT LAUDERDALE, Fla., April 08, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Syncromune® Inc., a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the development of SYNC-T™, an in situ personalized therapy optimized for solid tumor cancers, today announced the presentation of positive results from the SV-102 Phase 1 trial at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting 2024. The trial, involving patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), showed an overall response rate (ORR) of 85%.        

Key Points: 
  • FORT LAUDERDALE, Fla., April 08, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Syncromune® Inc., a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the development of SYNC-T™, an in situ personalized therapy optimized for solid tumor cancers, today announced the presentation of positive results from the SV-102 Phase 1 trial at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting 2024.
  • The trial, involving patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), showed an overall response rate (ORR) of 85%.
  • The Phase 1 trial enrolled 15 mCRPC subjects, most of whom had diffuse bone metastases and had experienced failure with prior therapies.
  • The trial is ongoing, with results expected in the second half of 2024.