Gender transitioning

New Study from The Fenway Institute, MGH Shows Discrimination, Stigma, and Family Pressure Drive "Detransition" Among Transgender People

Retrieved on: 
Wednesday, April 7, 2021

The study was authored by researchers at The Fenway Institute and Massachusetts General Hospital (Harvard Medical School) and is believed to be the first rigorous study of the factors that drive transgender and gender diverse people to detransition.

Key Points: 
  • The study was authored by researchers at The Fenway Institute and Massachusetts General Hospital (Harvard Medical School) and is believed to be the first rigorous study of the factors that drive transgender and gender diverse people to detransition.
  • Our results highlight the extreme barriers transgender people in the U.S. face when trying to live their lives authentically."
  • A growing body of literature shows that exposure to discrimination and stigma increases the risk of poor mental health outcomes among transgender and gender diverse people.
  • The Fenway Institute at Fenway Health is an interdisciplinary center for research, training, education and policy development focusing on national and international health issues.

Gender recognition and the rights of transgender people

Retrieved on: 
Thursday, July 16, 2020

This Commons Library briefing paper considers the current law relating to gender recognition; the medical diagnosis of gender dysphoria; the current protections from discrimination, including in schools; consultations by the UK Government and the Scottish Government on reform of the Gender Recognition Act 2004; and the "self-identification" debateDownload the full reportIntroduction The Gender Recognition Act 2004 (GRA) enables transgender adults to apply to the Gender Recognition Panel to receive a Gender Recognition Certificate (GRC).

Key Points: 


This Commons Library briefing paper considers the current law relating to gender recognition; the medical diagnosis of gender dysphoria; the current protections from discrimination, including in schools; consultations by the UK Government and the Scottish Government on reform of the Gender Recognition Act 2004; and the "self-identification" debate

Download the full report

    Introduction

      • The Gender Recognition Act 2004 (GRA) enables transgender adults to apply to the Gender Recognition Panel to receive a Gender Recognition Certificate (GRC).
      • Successful applicants, who are granted a full GRC, are, from the date of issue, considered in law to be of their acquired gender.
      • Separate law and guidance protect people, including pupils in schools, against discrimination on the basis of gender reassignment.
      • The UK Government and the Scottish Government have conducted separate consultations on reforming the process for achieving legal gender recognition in England and Wales and Scotland respectively.

    A note on terms used in this briefing paper

    • In this briefing paper:
      • The term “transsexual person(s)” (which is now a predominantly historical term) is used in the context of references to the Equality Act 2010 and reflects the vocabulary used in that Act. Otherwise the term used is “transgender person(s)/people”;
      • The term “acquired gender” reflects the term used in the GRA. The House of Commons Women and Equalities Committee found that many people now prefer the term “affirmed gender”.

    Gender dysphoria

    • Gender dysphoria or gender identity services are specialised services that are directly commissioned by NHS England. There are three components of the gender dysphoria pathway, each of which works to a separate service specification:
      • a therapeutic service for children and young people up to 18 years of age, and their families; including a linked paediatric endocrinology service for hormone therapy;
      • Gender Dysphoria Clinics from 17-years of age, offering assessment, diagnosis, overall care coordination, hormone treatments, voice and communication therapies and talking therapies; and
      • certain surgical interventions of the chest and genitals for adults.


      Gender dysphoria is a term used to describe a sense of unease that a person may have because of a mismatch between their biological sex and their gender identity. Treatment for gender dysphoria aims to help people live the way they want to, in their preferred gender identity or as non-binary.

    Protection from discrimination

      Equality Act 2010


        The Equality Act 2010 prohibits discrimination, for example in employment or the provision of public services, on the basis of protected characteristics, one of which is gender reassignment. However, this Act allows providers to offer single-sex services that exclude transgender people if it is proportionate to do so and it achieves a legitimate aim.

      Protections and provisions for transgender pupils in schools

        • In England, Wales and Scotland, the Equality Act 2010 prohibits discrimination against transgender children in all schools.
        • In Northern Ireland, guidance issued by the Education Authority says the European Convention on Human Rights may offer some protections for transgender pupils.
        • In 2014, the Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC) published guidance on the Equality Act 2010 and how it applies to schools in England and Scotland.
        • Decisions on uniform, provisions for shared sanitary and changing facilities and mixed sport are primarily made by schools themselves, within their respective statutory framework.
        • For example, the DfE cites Schools transgender guidance by Cornwall County Council and the Welsh Government recommends Transgender guidance issued for Wrexham schools as good practice.In2017, the NASUWT Teachers Union published guides for England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

      Gender recognition reform

        Consultation on reform of the GRA

          • In July 2018, the UK Government published a consultation on reform of the GRA.
          • This consultation, which ended on 22October 2018, concerned the legal gender recognition system in England and Wales only.
          • The Government stated that the focus of the consultation was the process for achieving legal recognition and the removal of the requirement for a medical diagnosis was one option on which views were sought.
          • The Government has not yet published its response but has said that it will do so this summer.

        The “self-identification” debate

          • The current process for legal gender recognition has been criticised by some people for its medicalised approach.
          • Many transgender people also consider the process to be overly intrusive, humiliating and administratively burdensome.
          • The fee and associated costs are seen as expensive and there is no right of appeal against the decision unless on a point of law.
          • Concerns have also been raised that there has been intimidation of those organising and attending meetings to consider the Governments proposals, and that debate has been stifled.

        The position in Scotland

        • The draft Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill: consultation was published on 17 December 2019 and ran until 17 March 2020. It proposes (among other things):
          • removing the need for applicants for a GRC to provide medical evidence, but they would still need to provide a statutory declaration that they intend to live permanently in their acquired gender;
          • requiring applicants to live in their acquired gender for at least six months – three months before applying for a GRC and three months after applying – before a GRC could be granted;
          • retaining the position that a false statutory declaration is a criminal offence and introducing a new offence of false application – each with a potential punishment of up to two years’ imprisonment; and
          • reducing the minimum age of application from 18 to 16.
          • However, gender recognition is a devolved matter meaning that legislation in this area is within the competence of the Scottish Parliament.
          • This sought views on whether and how the GRA should be amended in relation to the law in Scotland.
          • It set out the ScottishGovernments initial view that, subject to views expressed during the consultation, Scotland should adopt a self-declaration system for legal gender recognition.
          • In June 2019, Equalities Secretary, Shirley-Anne Somerville, announced that a draft Gender Recognition (Scotland) Bill, to reform the current process for obtaining a GRC, would be published by the end of the year.

        MYOS Announces Distribution Agreement with BodyLogicMD, a Leading Nationwide Network of Anti-Aging Medical Practices

        Retrieved on: 
        Wednesday, May 27, 2020

        MYOS and BodyLogicMD have developed a private-label, Fortetropin-based nutrition product, BodyLogicMD Muscle Formula, that will be distributed across BodyLogicMD's nationwide network of anti-aging medical practices.

        Key Points: 
        • MYOS and BodyLogicMD have developed a private-label, Fortetropin-based nutrition product, BodyLogicMD Muscle Formula, that will be distributed across BodyLogicMD's nationwide network of anti-aging medical practices.
        • Headquartered in Boca Raton, Florida, BodyLogicMD's network is comprised of nearly 65 affiliated anti-aging medical practitioners in more than 45 franchise practices spread across 28 states.
        • The BodyLogicMD network is a premier nationwide network for anti-aging medicine and hormone replacement therapy," stated Joseph Mannello, CEO of MYOS.
        • Founded in 2003, BodyLogicMD physician-owned practices make up the nation's largest and fastest growing network of highly-trained practitioners specializing in bioidentical hormone replacement therapy.

        Experts Talk About Hormone Replacement Therapies On "In Depth" With Laurence Fishburne

        Retrieved on: 
        Thursday, April 2, 2020

        An impending episode will shift to the world of medicine and will interview medical professionals about hormone replacement therapies.

        Key Points: 
        • An impending episode will shift to the world of medicine and will interview medical professionals about hormone replacement therapies.
        • Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a development in medicine that has been aiding women for several decades.
        • The show will provide more education about available hormone replacement therapies in the new episode of "In Depth" with Laurence Fishburne.
        • The educative television program "In Depth" with host Laurence Fishburne is given careful inspection before broadcast.

        Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) Industry Assessment to 2025 - Transdermal HRT Products Present Exciting Opportunities

        Retrieved on: 
        Wednesday, February 19, 2020

        Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) market worldwide is projected to grow by US$3.1 Billion, driven by a compounded growth of 5.2%.

        Key Points: 
        • Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) market worldwide is projected to grow by US$3.1 Billion, driven by a compounded growth of 5.2%.
        • Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), one of the segments analyzed and sized in this study, displays the potential to grow at over 5.2%.
        • Poised to reach over US$10.3 Billion by the year 2025, Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) will bring in healthy gains adding significant momentum to global growth.
        • In Japan, Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) will reach a market size of US$733.5 Million by the close of the analysis period.

        The gender recognition process

        Retrieved on: 
        Wednesday, December 18, 2019

        This briefing paper considers the process for trans people to gain legal recognition in their acquired gender. It does not deal with medical treatment or NHS services for trans people.Gender Recognition Act 2004 The Gender Recognition Act 2004 (GRA) enables trans people to apply to the Gender Recognition Panel to receive a Gender Recognition Certificate (GRC).

        Key Points: 


        This briefing paper considers the process for trans people to gain legal recognition in their acquired gender. It does not deal with medical treatment or NHS services for trans people.

        Gender Recognition Act 2004

          • The Gender Recognition Act 2004 (GRA) enables trans people to apply to the Gender Recognition Panel to receive a Gender Recognition Certificate (GRC).
          • Successful applicants, who are granted a full GRC, are, from the date of issue, considered in law to be of their acquired gender.
          • It is not a requirement for an applicant to have undergone gender reassignment surgery or hormone treatment, although many applicants do so.

        Single-sex spaces


          The Equality Act 2010 prohibits discrimination, for example in employment or the provision of public services, on the basis of protected characteristics, one of which is gender reassignment. However, this Act allows providers to offer single-sex services that exclude trans people, so long as it is proportionate to do so, and it achieves a legitimate aim.

        Criticism of the current process


          The current process for legal gender recognition has been criticised by some people for its medicalised approach (it is necessary to submit medical evidence with most applications). Many trans people also consider the process to be overly intrusive, humiliating and administratively burdensome.

        Consultation on reform of the GRA

          • In a report published in 2016, the House of Commons Women and Equalities Committee recommended reform of the GRA process in line with the principles of gender selfidentification.
          • In July 2018, the UK Government published a consultation document on reforms to the GRA: Reform of the Gender Recognition Act Government Consultation.
          • This consultation, which ended on 22October 2018, concerned the legal gender recognition system in England and Wales only, though the implications of change for the UnitedKingdom as a whole were also considered.

        The ‘self-identification’ debate

          • Arguments by those in favour of self-identification include that the current process is intrusive, humiliating and administratively burdensome.
          • The fee and associated costs are seen as expensive and there is no right of appeal against the decision unless on a point of law.
          • Those against self-identification are concerned, for example, about the potentially negative impact on women and particularly on vulnerable women in safe single-sex spaces.
          • Concerns have also been raised that there has been intimidation of those organising and attending meetings to consider the Governments proposals, and that debate has been stifled.

        What might happen next?


          The 2018 consultation received more than 100,000 responses. The Government has not yet published its own response. On 17 October 2019, Elizabeth Truss, Minister for Women and Equalities, said that the issue of the response to the consultation was very important and needed time for consideration. The 2019 General Election manifestos of the Labour Party, Liberal Democrats and the Green Party included commitments related to gender recognition.

        The position in Scotland

          • However, gender recognition is a devolved matter meaning that legislation in this area is within the competence of the Scottish Parliament.
          • The Scottish Governments separate consultation, Review of the Gender Recognition Act 2004, ran from 9 November 2017 to 1 March 2018.
          • This sought views on whether and how the GRA should be amended in relation to the law in Scotland and set out the Scottish Governments initial view that, subject to views expressed during the consultation, Scotland should adopt a self-declaration system for legal gender recognition.
          • In June 2019, Cabinet Secretary for Equalities, Shirley-Anne Somerville, announced that a draft Gender Recognition (Scotland) Bill, to reform the current process of obtaining a GRC, would be published by the end of the year.

        Gender Recognition Act 2004 (Amendment)

        Retrieved on: 
        Friday, November 1, 2019

        Latest Bill

        Key Points: 
        • Latest Bill

          Latest news on the Gender Recognition Act 2004 (Amendment) Bill [HL] 2019-20

          First reading took place on 31 October.

        • This stage is a formality that signals the start of the Bill's journey through the Lords.
        • Second reading - the general debate on all aspects of the Bill - is yet to be scheduled.
        • Summary of the Gender Recognition Act 2004 (Amendment) Bill [HL] 2019-20

          A Bill to amend the Gender Recognition Act 2004 in relation to a change of gender of someone who is married

        The global uterine manipulators market at a CAGR of nearly 6% during the forecast period

        Retrieved on: 
        Monday, September 16, 2019

        This uterine manipulators market analysis considers sales from uterine manipulators/injectors, mangeshikar manipulators, clermont-ferrand uterine manipulators, vectec uterine manipulators, and other types.

        Key Points: 
        • This uterine manipulators market analysis considers sales from uterine manipulators/injectors, mangeshikar manipulators, clermont-ferrand uterine manipulators, vectec uterine manipulators, and other types.
        • Also, our global uterine manipulators market report looks at factors such as high incidence of gynecological diseases leading to the rise in the number of hysterectomies, benefits of uterine manipulators, and rise in female geriatric population with high risk of POP.
        • However, complications associated with uterine manipulators, shortage of qualified medical professionals to perform hysterectomies, and stringent regulatory framework may hamper the growth of the uterine manipulators' industry over the forecast period.
        • These benefits will lead to the expansion of the global uterine manipulators market at a CAGR of nearly 6% during the forecast period.

        Longest-Duration Study of How Transgender Hormone Therapy Alters Medical Test Results Featured at the 71st AACC Annual Scientific Meeting

        Retrieved on: 
        Monday, August 5, 2019

        ANAHEIM, Calif., Aug. 5, 2019 /PRNewswire/ --Groundbreaking research presented at the 71st AACC Annual Scientific Meeting & Clinical Lab Expo has revealed how transgender hormone therapy affects the results of common laboratory tests in the long term.

        Key Points: 
        • ANAHEIM, Calif., Aug. 5, 2019 /PRNewswire/ --Groundbreaking research presented at the 71st AACC Annual Scientific Meeting & Clinical Lab Expo has revealed how transgender hormone therapy affects the results of common laboratory tests in the long term.
        • However, research presented in 2018 at the 70th AACC Annual Scientific Meeting showed that 6 months of transgender hormone therapy markedly changes results for common laboratory tests.
        • SoRelle's team tracked comprehensive metabolic panel, complete blood count, and lipid test results for 147 healthy transgender patients on hormone therapy over the course of 5 years.
        • Out of all the test values the study examined, red blood cell and creatinine levels (a measure of kidney health) underwent the largest shifts when transgender individuals started hormone therapy.

        Global Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) Market 2019-2024: Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity & Forecast - ResearchAndMarkets.com

        Retrieved on: 
        Tuesday, July 2, 2019

        The "Hormone Replacement Therapy Market: Global Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2019-2024" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

        Key Points: 
        • The "Hormone Replacement Therapy Market: Global Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2019-2024" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.
        • According to the report, the global hormone replacement therapy market reached a value of US$ 4.2 Billion in 2018.
        • This report provides a deep insight into the global hormone replacement therapy market covering all its essential aspects.
        • Other types include human growth hormone replacement therapy, testosterone replacement therapy, thyroid replacement therapy and others.