Lymphatic system

Tuberculosis isn't just a historical disease. Here's how it spreads and who is at risk

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Tuesday, October 17, 2023
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Tuberculosis is often seen as a threat of the past. But it remains a significant concern worldwide, with international travel spreading the disease. While tuberculous is rare in Australia, and we no longer routinely vaccinate against it, clusters of cases in South Australia over the past 17 months have put health authorities on alert. So what exactly is tuberculosis, how is it treated and what is Australia doing to prevent its transmission? It starts as a respiratory infection Tuberculosis, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, starts as a respiratory infection when inhaled.

Key Points: 


Tuberculosis is often seen as a threat of the past. But it remains a significant concern worldwide, with international travel spreading the disease. While tuberculous is rare in Australia, and we no longer routinely vaccinate against it, clusters of cases in South Australia over the past 17 months have put health authorities on alert. So what exactly is tuberculosis, how is it treated and what is Australia doing to prevent its transmission?

It starts as a respiratory infection

    • Tuberculosis, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, starts as a respiratory infection when inhaled.
    • Once in the lungs, the immune system responds by forming granulomas, clusters of immune cells (mainly macrophages and T cells), in an attempt to contain the infection.

Early treatment is key

    • Early diagnosis and treatment reduces the infectious period and helps prevent spreading the disease to others.
    • Delayed treatment can lead to complications such as lung damage and scarring; damage to the bones, kidneys, lymph nodes and central nervous system; and infection in the brain and spinal cord.
    • Antibiotic treatment, often involving multiple drugs, is highly effective at eliminating the bacteria.

Tackling drug-resistant bacteria

    • The Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria can quickly become resistant to antibiotics, so routine treatment includes multiple antibiotics which increases adverse effects.
    • The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis strains is a major concern because it makes treatment significantly more challenging and costly.

Who is susceptible to tuberculosis?

    • Children are also at greater risk of tuberculosis, as their immune systems are still developing.
    • However, the World Health Organization estimates 11% of the 10.6 million tuberculosis cases worldwide are in children.
    • Some 14% of all tuberculosis-related deaths occur in children under 15 years old.

What can we do about TB?

    • The Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine provides partial protection, primarily against severe forms of tuberculosis.
    • It’s not routinely given in Australia because we’re not considered a high-risk country, but it’s given in local regions with tuberculosis outbreaks.
    • Visa applicants aged 11 years and over must have a chest X-ray for evidence of active tuberculosis.

WhiteSwell Announces Successful Treatment of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Patients in its Early Feasibility DELTA-HF Study

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Saturday, October 7, 2023
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WhiteSwell, a company pioneering a new paradigm in the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), announced today positive initial results from its ongoing DELTA-HF trial evaluating the WhiteSwell eLym™ System.

Key Points: 
  • WhiteSwell, a company pioneering a new paradigm in the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), announced today positive initial results from its ongoing DELTA-HF trial evaluating the WhiteSwell eLym™ System.
  • The data were presented at the Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA) Annual Scientific Meeting 2023 in Cleveland, Ohio.
  • Nine hospitalized patients received eLym therapy in conjunction with diuretic therapy, while six patients received standard of care treatment with loop diuretics alone.
  • “It cannot be overemphasized how significant and challenging it is to fully decongest patients hospitalized with decompensated heart failure.

Rising Prevalence and Technological Advancements Drive the Lymphedema Treatment Market

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Friday, September 22, 2023
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The global lymphedema treatment market, valued at $786.53 million in 2021, is projected to grow significantly, reaching $1.74 billion by 2030.

Key Points: 
  • The global lymphedema treatment market, valued at $786.53 million in 2021, is projected to grow significantly, reaching $1.74 billion by 2030.
  • Several factors are contributing to the growth of the lymphedema treatment market:
    Increasing Prevalence: The rising prevalence of lymphedema and breast cancer cases is a significant driver for the market.
  • Technological Advancements: Technological developments in lymphedema treatment methods are expected to accelerate market growth.
  • Despite advancements, there is currently no permanent cure for lymphedema, posing a challenge to market growth.

Elicio Therapeutics Reports Second Quarter 2023 Financial Results and Provides Corporate Updates

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Friday, August 11, 2023
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BOSTON, Aug. 11, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Elicio Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: ELTX), a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing a pipeline of novel immunotherapies for the treatment of cancer, today reported financial results for the second quarter ended June 30, 2023 and provided recent corporate and clinical updates.

Key Points: 
  • BOSTON, Aug. 11, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Elicio Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: ELTX), a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing a pipeline of novel immunotherapies for the treatment of cancer, today reported financial results for the second quarter ended June 30, 2023 and provided recent corporate and clinical updates.
  • R&D Expense: R&D expense for the second quarter of 2023 was $4.9 million, compared to $5.0 million for the second quarter of 2022.
  • G&A Expense: G&A expense for the second quarter of 2023 was $2.8 million, compared to $1.2 million for the second quarter of 2022.
  • Net loss per share for the second quarter of 2023 was $2.61 compared to $23.20 for the second quarter of 2022.

What are lymph nodes? And can a massage really improve lymphatic drainage?

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Thursday, August 3, 2023
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Unlike blood vessels, lymphatic vessels are not very visible to the naked eye, even during surgery.

Key Points: 
  • Unlike blood vessels, lymphatic vessels are not very visible to the naked eye, even during surgery.
  • Because of this, the anatomy and functions of the lymphatic system have historically not been well studied.

A major part of our immune system

    • The lymphatic system protects the body against foreign invaders and enables us to mount an immune response.
    • Lymphocytes are the cells of the lymphatic system.
    • In the digestive system, the lymphatic system also has an essential role in absorbing dietary fat from the intestines.

A fine balance of fluids

    • Luckily, our lymphatic vessels usually pick up this remaining 3 litres of fluid and return it to the blood circulation.
    • Starting in the tissues just under the skin and around our organs, the lymphatic system is a one-way circulatory system.
    • Lymphatic vessels carry lymph from the tissues via lymph nodes and then into veins that drain directly into the heart.

A slow flow

    • Lymph is moved towards the heart by muscular contractions of the lymphatic vessels and one-way valves.
    • Movement, exercise and deep breathing all help to move lymph through lymphatic vessels.

Too much fluid

    • Oedema can also occur when too much fluid moves out of the capillaries and overloads the capacity of the lymphatic vessels to reabsorb it.
    • This can be due to heart failure, chronic venous insufficiency, liver failure or kidney disease.

Treatments can help lymph flow more freely

    • Increasing lymph flow back towards the heart is also essential to prevent complications like cellulitis or skin infection.
    • Lymphatic facial massage and traditional Chinese techniques of gua sha and jade rollers can increase blood flow and lymph flow, but need to be used correctly.
    • These treatments are best performed by someone who is trained in the anatomy of the lymphatic system and lymph flow.
    • It is uncommon to have lymphoedema in the face, but increased blood flow to the skin and a nice massage are still beneficial.

New promise for patients

    • Better imaging techniques have allowed for clearer visualisation of the lymphatic pathways and increased understanding of the lymphatic system.
    • However, there is still much more to be learnt about the lymphatic system and its roles in health and disease.

Propanc Biopharma’s Clinical Candidate PRP Targeting Pancreatic Cancer Market Forecast to Reach $6.93 Billion by 2030

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Tuesday, July 25, 2023
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Propanc Biopharma, Inc. (OTC Pink: PPCB) (“Propanc” or the “Company”), a biopharmaceutical company developing novel cancer treatments for patients suffering from recurring and metastatic cancer, today announced that the Company’s clinical candidate PRP targeting the pancreatic cancer market is forecast to reach $6.93 Billion by 2030, according to a report published by The Brainy Insights, a market research company.

Key Points: 
  • Propanc Biopharma, Inc. (OTC Pink: PPCB) (“Propanc” or the “Company”), a biopharmaceutical company developing novel cancer treatments for patients suffering from recurring and metastatic cancer, today announced that the Company’s clinical candidate PRP targeting the pancreatic cancer market is forecast to reach $6.93 Billion by 2030, according to a report published by The Brainy Insights, a market research company.
  • According to the report, the global pancreatic cancer market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.13% during the forecast period between 2022 to 2030.
  • As a result of laboratory and clinical studies undertaken in pancreatic cancer, Propanc applied for and received Orphan Drug Designation from the US FDA for the use of PRP to treat pancreatic cancer.
  • Orphan Drug Designation status of PRP has been granted from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Genmab Announces AbbVie Receives Positive CHMP Opinion for Epcoritamab (TEPKINLY®) for the Treatment of Adults with Relapsed/Refractory (R/R) Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)

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Friday, July 21, 2023
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The final European Commission decision on the indication for epcoritamab is anticipated later this year.

Key Points: 
  • The final European Commission decision on the indication for epcoritamab is anticipated later this year.
  • The primary endpoint of the study was overall response rate, as assessed by an independent review committee (63.1 percent).
  • It is the most common type of B-cell NHL worldwide and accounts for approximately 30 percent of all global cases.
  • The companies will share commercial responsibilities in the U.S. and Japan, with AbbVie responsible for further global commercialization.

Genmab Announces AbbVie Receives Positive CHMP Opinion for Epcoritamab (TEPKINLY®) for the Treatment of Adults with Relapsed/Refractory (R/R) Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)

Retrieved on: 
Friday, July 21, 2023
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The final European Commission decision on the indication for epcoritamab is anticipated later this year.

Key Points: 
  • The final European Commission decision on the indication for epcoritamab is anticipated later this year.
  • The primary endpoint of the study was overall response rate, as assessed by an independent review committee (63.1 percent).
  • It is the most common type of B-cell NHL worldwide and accounts for approximately 30 percent of all global cases.
  • The companies will share commercial responsibilities in the U.S. and Japan, with AbbVie responsible for further global commercialization.

EPKINLY™ (epcoritamab-bysp) Approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration as the First and Only Bispecific Antibody to Treat Adults with Relapsed or Refractory (R/R) Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)

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Friday, May 19, 2023
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EPKINLY was approved under accelerated approval based on response rate and durability of response.

Key Points: 
  • EPKINLY was approved under accelerated approval based on response rate and durability of response.
  • Continued approval for this indication is contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in a confirmatory trial(s).
  • EPKINLY is being co-developed and co-commercialized by Genmab and AbbVie (NYSE: ABBV) as part of the companies’ oncology collaboration.
  • “Epcoritamab is a subcutaneous bispecific antibody that offers an additional treatment option for this patient population.

EPKINLY™ (epcoritamab-bysp) Approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration as the First and Only Bispecific Antibody to Treat Adults with Relapsed or Refractory (R/R) Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)

Retrieved on: 
Friday, May 19, 2023
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EPKINLY was approved under accelerated approval based on response rate and durability of response.

Key Points: 
  • EPKINLY was approved under accelerated approval based on response rate and durability of response.
  • Continued approval for this indication is contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in a confirmatory trial(s).
  • EPKINLY is being co-developed and co-commercialized by Genmab and AbbVie (NYSE: ABBV) as part of the companies’ oncology collaboration.
  • “Epcoritamab is a subcutaneous bispecific antibody that offers an additional treatment option for this patient population.