Methionine

• Publication of Synpheny-1 Phase 2 study results for the PKU program in the journal Nature Metabolism.
• Presentation of Synpheny-1 Phase 2 study results by lead investigator Dr. Jerry Vockley of the University of Pittsburgh at the 37th E.S.PKU Conference 2023.
• Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $0.4 million compared to $0.7 million for the corresponding period in 2022.
• General and administrative expenses were $3.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $4.4 million for the corresponding period in 2022.

• Rutgers Cancer Institute and RWJBarnabas Health is New Jersey's only National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center and the leading cancer program in the state.
• "We are excited that the physician-scientists from our health system will be presenting significant and valuable information to advance the use of radiotherapy in cancer treatment at this year's ASTRO meeting," said Bruce Haffty, MD, MS, Chair, Radiation Oncology, Associate Vice Chancellor for Cancer Programs at Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, and System Director of Radiation Oncology at RWJBarnabas Health.
• Highlights of accepted abstracts include the following:
  Findings of an analysis to explore genetic changes in aggressive pancreatic cancer.
• The full list of presentations at this year's ASTRO Annual Meeting follows:

• We are excited to offer them in the US and Canadian markets for the first time," says Wade Zheng, President of ZXCHEM USA.
• HydroRice™ PA80 is 100% rice protein while HydroPR™ 80 is a 40/60 blend of rice and pea protein.
• Both products are manufactured with a revolutionary new process that does not use enzymes or hydrolyzation to change the protein functionality.
• Anhui Shunxin has assigned ZXCHEM USA as the exclusive distributor for the US and Canadian markets.

• The universality of the genetic code indicates a common ancestry among all living organisms and the essential role this code plays in the structure, function and regulation of biological cells.
• Understanding how the genetic code works is the foundation of genetic engineering and synthetic biology.
• Just as computers need strings of binary code to function, biological processes also rely on bits of information.

Different words for the same thing

• Ribosomes read three-letter words called codons, and there are 64 different possible combinations of the four letters that make different codons.
• In this list of 64 words, 61 encode amino acids, and three signal the ribosome to stop protein synthesis in the cell.
• In fact, since there are only 20 amino acids but 61 different words to encode them, there is quite a lot of overlap.

Engineering nature’s guidelines

• The mapping of the 61 codes onto the the 20 amino acids would be roughly equal, with each amino acid assigned three codons.
• Not only does the final form of a protein need to be optimal, but so do its intermediate forms.
• Scientists understand some of the guidelines that nature follows when engineering the genetic code.

Information theory and genetics

• Nature’s affinity for optimization using this irrational number is responsible for the infinitely repeating fractals seen in jagged shorelines, fern leaves, snowflakes and trees.
• Beyond biology, information optimization using e also has applications in mathematics and cosmology.
• Entropy is a measure of disorder in a system, and the maximum entropy principle states that systems evolve to states of greater disorder.
• Although there are many biological mysteries that scientists have yet to solve, information theory can be a powerful tool to help crack the genetic code.