- Indonesia’s General Elections Commission reports that as many as 204 million voters are enrolled for the election, with about 114 million of them under 40 years of age.
- Polls say the top issues for younger voters include unaffordable basic goods, lack of employment opportunities, high poverty rates, expensive health services and poor education quality and service.
- Meanwhile, there are concerns among many observers that Indonesia’s democracy has been backsliding in recent years.
Southeast Asia’s largest economy
- Indonesia is Southeast Asia’s largest economy but faces getting caught in what economists call the middle-income trap, where its wages are too high but productivity too low to be competitive.
- Its growing economic dependence on China and regional tensions over territorial disputes in the South China Sea have foreign policy observers and investors watching the election closely.
- Yet the election takes place against a backdrop of increasing democratic fragility.
- Baswedan and Pranowo support a market-based approach and a balanced approach between protecting national industries and fostering foreign investment.
- On one of the main issues of the day, the relocation of the capital city of Indonesia, Baswedan is the most critical of the candidates.
- He has vowed to review the project, but is unlikely to stop the move even if he wins, as the plan is already formalized into law.
Massive spending and vote buying
- While the presence of many candidates – for example, there are 300 in Jakarta alone, including celebrities and cabinet ministers from 17 parties, vying for 21 seats in the House of Representatives – could suggest a vibrant democracy, the massive spending among them increases the risk of vote buying.
- Furthermore, due to the current open-list proportional voting systems, candidates must compete against their party peers to win a seat.
- This system creates a fierce competition among candidates and increases the chance of vote buying.
Financial irregularities tied to election funding have also dogged parties across the political spectrum, leading the Association for Election and Democracy to cite a worrisome trend of citizens coming to see money politics as acceptable within a competitive democracy. The other challenge during the election campaign is the lack of accountability and transparency for campaign funding.
A slide toward autocracy
- A 2023 report by V-Dem Democracy Institute highlights several factors in its slide toward autocracy.
- Strategic election manipulation is another form of backsliding, encompassing a range of activity geared toward tilting the electoral playing field in favor of incumbents.
- While Widodo claims not to have intervened in the ruling, there is a clear benefit to his family.
Angguntari Ceria Sari does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.