Christine Lagarde: New challenges in a changing world
A new beginning often brings with it new challenges, but it also presents us with plenty of opportunities.
- A new beginning often brings with it new challenges, but it also presents us with plenty of opportunities.
- First, with support for an open global trading order on the wane, we are facing new types of shocks to the global economy.
- For the past few decades, open trade has supported global growth by allowing countries to “rotate” demand during slumps.
- [2] But now it could become a source of volatility.But now it could become a source of volatility.
- This was evident during the British Empire in the 19
th century, as it was with American support in the wake of the Cold War. - [3]
However, major economies – led by the United States and China – are now increasingly using trade to limit the ambitions of geopolitical rivals. - The US Inflation Reduction Act, for example, is deliberately aimed at “reshoring” production and reducing the country’s reliance on strategic imports like batteries.
- [5] China is also seeking to reduce its own dependence on the rest of the world.
- With the security of supply for critical inputs no longer guaranteed, we are likely to see a new “scramble for resources”.
- As this new global map takes shape, we enter 2023 facing three big challenges.
- Inflation in Europe is far too high, partly due to our vulnerability to the changing geopolitics of energy.
- As we head into 2023, a changing world brings with it new challenges, but also opportunities.
- International Energy Agency (2022), “The Role of Critical Minerals in Clean Energy Transitions”, World Energy Outlook Special Report, Revised Version, March.
- European Council (2022), “International taxation: Council reaches agreement on a minimum level of taxation for largest corporations”, 12 December.