NT

• One of the best ways to find out is by looking at rocks from space.
• Sending spacecraft to asteroids or other planets to gather samples and bring them home is possible, but extremely difficult and expensive.
• Another option is to study space rocks that fall to Earth: meteorites.

Natural glasses

We’re all familiar with the human-made kind of glass found in windowpanes and kitchenware. But glass occurs in nature, too. Most of it is obsidian, the glass produced in volcanoes which has been known since ancient times.

• A much smaller amount of natural glass is produced by lightning strikes and asteroid impacts.
• When we find glass in nature, it can take careful forensic work to pinpoint what created it.

The meteorites recovered from the Henbury field are a type called IIIAB irons. They are remnants of the metallic core of an ancient shattered world and were eventually delivered to Earth. They’re essentially lumps of metal, comprised mostly of iron, nickel and cobalt.

Heavy metal–classic rock fusion

When the space rock struck at Henbury, the heat of the impact melted the meteorite along with rock from the ground. Some of this fused material formed molten droplets which was thrown from the craters and cooled to form thumb-sized lumps that look a lot like volcanic glass.

• This revealed the glass contained elements from the local sandstone as well as high levels of iron, nickel and cobalt – much more than we found in exposed rocks in the craters.
• These results suggest the glass is made of about 10% melted meteorite.
• The Henbury glass also contained elevated levels of chromium, iridium and other elements from the platinum group.

Meteorite glass around the world

• Such high levels of meteorite residue in glass have not been reported from other Australian craters.
• Similar glass has been described at two other sites, both younger and smaller than the largest Henbury crater (145m across).
• Our main motivation to search for meteorite residue in natural glass is that it provides ground-truth evidence for an impact with a celestial object.

More enigmatic glasses

• There are many reports of enigmatic natural glasses, in places such as Argentina, Australia and elsewhere, whose origins are ambiguous.
• In many cases no crater is known in the vicinity, such as Libyan desert glass.
• In the meantime, there are lots of interesting bush glasses that deserve a second look for clues of a cosmic heritage.

Aaron J. Cavosie has received funding from Australian Research Council and the Space Science and Technology Centre at Curtin University.

• As part of the collaboration, NT will provide data center networking services for the campus.
• Based on end-user, the data center networking market is segmented into IT & telecom, BFSI, retail, healthcare, public sector & utilities, manufacturing, energy, and others.
• The emergence of cloud services rooted in data centers further fuels the need for high-speed Internet and data center services.
• North America is anticipated to retain its dominance in the global data center networking market.

• We analyse the macroeconomic
  effects of supply chain reorientation through localisation policies, using a global dynamic
  general equilibrium model.
• While arguments about comparative advantage, the potential forgone benefits of international specialisation and industry- and product-specific disruptions are familiar, there is less
  analysis on the macroeconomic effects of supply chain changes resulting from localisation policies.
• The large sensitivity of the global economy to the recent supply chain shocks suggests that
  the international trade reconfiguration implied by localisation policies could also have sizable
  impacts on key macroeconomic variables such as output, employment and inflation.
• Thus, localisation focuses on the
  goods in our model most closely related to global supply chains.
• Retaliation also attenuates any positive effects from
  reshoring on output and implies a reduction in the volume of overall international trade.
• This finding calls for limiting the scope of reshoring, such as by focusing on vital goods that are
  most susceptible to supply chain disruptions.
• Either that, or the economic costs are considered a worthwhile trade-off for an increase
  in security of supply, for example.
• While arguments about comparative advantage, the potential forgone benefits of international specialisation and industry- and product-specific disruptions are familiar, there is less
  analysis on the macroeconomic effects of supply chain changes resulting from localisation policies.
• Recent supply chain shocks have had large effects, with disruptions in 2021 estimated
  to have reduced euro area GDP by around two percent and doubled the rate of manufacturing producer inflation (Celasun et al., 2022).
• To analyse this issue, we simulate a (partial) reshoring of production back to Europe in
  a global dynamic general equilibrium framework.
• Thus,
  localisation focuses on the goods in our model most closely related to global supply chains.3 We
  model reshoring through a direct change to the export goods? production-function parameters.
• Since reshoring
  effectively shortens the supply chain, the sum of markups along the chain falls.
• This means that imports that are at the end of the supply chain (i.e.
• In particular, our work relates to papers examining the potential for countries to reduce
  their exposure to global supply chains.
• (2021) demonstrate that reduced reliance on foreign inputs does not mitigate pandemicinduced contractions in labour supply.
• (2021) find no evidence of a relationship
  between global value chain integration and macroeconomic volatility.
• This dynamic, along with factors such as natural disasters, climate-change
  induced volatility and terrorism mean that supply chain disruptions could be a new normal
  (Grossman et al., 2021).
• Our work contributes to the literature providing dynamic general equilibrium analyses of
  protectionist policies, in particular those using global macroeconomic models to quantify trade
  policy changes.
• (2008) analyse the effect of a rise in protectionism in response
  to rising global trade imbalances.
• Linde? and Pescatori (2019) find that although the macroeconomic costs of a
  trade war are substantial, a fully symmetric retaliation is the best response.
• (2020) consider a rich input-output structure and demonstrate that closer integration amplifies
  the adverse effects of protectionist trade policies.
• Several recent studies have also examined the economic effects of a global trade fragmentation.
• First, we modify a dynamic general
  equilibrium model of the global economy in order to analyse the transmission of localisation
  policies.
• This allows for a comprehensive treatment of cross-border macroeconomic interdependences and spillovers between the different regions.
• 4

  There is, however, substantial cross-country heterogeneity in terms of impact, with small open economies
  (SOEs) reliant on global supply chains more affected.

• ECB Working Paper Series No 2903

  7

  Second, we are able to assess both long-run effects and the transition dynamics of localisation
  policies.

• Our model contains a detailed monetary block and captures inflation dynamics, which is a key
  concern for supply chain reorientation.
• Overall, our paper contains a careful analysis of the key aspects of the localisation debate,
  including effects of localisation on domestic competition and efficiency.
• Section 2 provides a brief overview of the model, the modifications to examine
  global supply chain reorientation, some key details on the calibration and a brief discussion of
  the nature of our exercise.
• (2020) for discussions of the relative strengths and weaknesses of
  trade and macroeconomic models in assessing large economic shocks.
• 2.1

  Supply chain reorientation

  Our analysis focuses on imported inputs used to produce goods for export, as the introduction
  of localisation policies is in response to recent disruptions to global supply chains.

• Since reshoring
  effectively shortens the supply chain, the sum of markups along the chain falls.
• Further to
  these effects, engagement with global firms provides an opportunity for knowledge spillovers to
  local firms (Criscuolo et al., 2017).
• This finding calls for limiting the scope of reshoring, such as by focusing on vital goods that are
  most susceptible to supply chain disruptions.
• (B12)

  Adjusting the share of local inputs in export goods, of course, affects prices and quantities all
  along the supply chain.

• TAIPEI, Feb. 7, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Acer Inc. (TWSE: 2353) announced its January 2024 consolidated revenues at NT$15.23 billion with 11.7% growth year-on-year (YoY), achieving seven months of consecutive YoY growth.
• Some business highlights for January:
  Acer's strategy to expand multiple business engines continued to gain momentum.
• Total revenues from businesses other than computers and displays contributed 39.2% YoY of the group's total revenues in January.