Horse

• Dr. Husby brings to PetVivo more than a decade of experience and accomplishment in animal health.
• “As an expert in both equine and small animal veterinary care, Dr. Husby brings to our expanding team of professionals a wealth of veterinary practice and clinical experience,” stated PetVivo Holdings CEO, John Lai.
• She also earlier served as an associate veterinarian at Banfield Pet Hospital, and veterinarian surgeon at San Luis Rey Equine Hospital.
• For more information about PetVivo and Spryng, please contact [email protected] or visit petvivo.com and sprynghealth.com .

• The 2024 outbreak of eastern equine encephalitis – known as triple E or EEE – has caused six reported and confirmed human disease cases in five states, including one death, as of Sept. 4, 2024.
• The Conversation asked Daniel Pastula, a neurologist and medical epidemiologist from the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, to explain how EEE spreads and what you can do to reduce your risk of encountering it.

What is eastern equine encephalitis, or triple E?

• Eastern equine encephalitis is a virus that is primarily transmitted by certain mosquitoes.
• It was first identified in horses that died of encephalitis along the mid-Atlantic coast in 1933.

How is it transmitted?

• Culiseta melanura mosquitoes feed almost exclusively on birds and usually do not bite humans or horses.
• However, more common mosquitoes such as Aedes, Coquillettidia and Culex can sometimes bite infected birds, become infected themselves and then transmit EEE virus to nearby humans or horses.

Why is EEE surfacing now?

• Most human cases occur from July through October in endemic areas.
• Every few years, there are much larger outbreaks of EEE disease in certain areas.

What are EEE’s main symptoms and how severe can an infection be?

• Our best estimate is that about 95% of infected people have either no or relatively mild symptoms.
• Some may develop fever or a flu-like illness after an incubation period of four to 10 days.
• About 5% of people infected with EEE virus can go on to develop a brain swelling called encephalitis.

Are there any treatments or vaccines for EEE?

• Some clinicians have tried steroids to reduce swelling or antibodies to improve immune response, with variable success.
• There are currently no commercially available human vaccines for EEE, but there are vaccines for horses in endemic areas.

How do you prevent EEE?

• Generally speaking, if you prevent mosquito bites, you prevent EEE virus infection.
• There are several things you can do to prevent mosquito bites: – Use an insect repellent registered by the Environmental Protection Agency on exposed skin when you are outside and mosquitoes are around.
• It is much harder – or even impossible, depending on the fabric – for mosquitoes to bite through clothing.

Is there a ‘western’ version of the virus in the US?

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• Instead of catching the skunk, however, the dog got trapped and was sprayed directly in the face, resulting in a trip to the veterinary emergency room with life-threatening blood issues.
• "That day Skippy was running around chasing a skunk.
• He's been in many skunk encounters, so I wasn't too worried about it.
• This time, he apparently chased the skunk deep into the stack of hay bales and disappeared.