Yttrium

• REEs have also attracted strong interest due to supply chain issues and concerns about China's dominance of REEs processing.
• "The Company holds a large ground position in Elliot Lake with a historical resource (non-compliant) totalling approximately 199 million lbs.
• The increased interest in uranium and REEs, plus the cost-savings potential of bulk mining bode well for Appia's Elliot Lake Project."
• The total rare earth metal content was increased by approximately 6 times the uranium content.

• But first, he and his team would need many more trials to confirm the measurement.
• Their discovery opened up a world of potential scientific applications.
• The century since has seen many advances, but superconductivity researchers today can take lessons from Onnes’ original, Nobel Prize-winning work.

Superconductivity

• A rare quantum effect that allows electrical currents to flow without resistance in superconducting wires, superconductivity allows for a myriad of scientific applications.
• That’s how Onnes’ original work cooling helium to near absolute zero temperature set the stage for his unexpected discovery of superconductivity.

The discovery

• His lab was the first to turn helium from a gas to a liquid by making the gas expand and cool.
• His lab managed to cool helium this way to a temperature of -452 degrees Farenheit (-269 degrees Celsius).
• That date of April 8 is often quoted as the discovery of superconductivity, but the full story isn’t so simple, because scientists can’t accept a scribbled “near-enough null” as sufficient proof of a new discovery.

In pursuit of proof

• On this day, they cooled the cryostat again to -454 F (-270 C) and then let the temperature slowly rise.
• At first they barely measured any electrical resistance, indicating superconductivity.
• On Oct. 26 they repeated the experiment, capturing the earlier sudden rise in resistance.

New frontiers for critical temperatures

• In the decades following Onnes’ discovery, many researchers have explored how metals act at supercooled temperatures and have learned more about superconductivity.
• But if researchers can observe superconductivity only at super low temperatures, it’s hard to make anything useful.
• So, scientists began searching for superconductors that can work at practical temperatures.
• Since then, researchers have observed superconductivity at temperatures as high as -164 F (-109 C), but achieving a room-temperature superconductor has remained elusive.

• “The need for securing both domestically sourced rare earth elements and domestic rare earth element processing infrastructure is critical,” said Dr. Joseph Brewer, Founder and Chief Technology Officer at Rare Earth Salts.
• Rare Earth Salts’ patented processes’ capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operating expense (OPEX) are highly cost-competitive versus traditional rare earth separation and refining.
• Rare Earth Salts has developed industry-changing commercial processes to produce three of the “BIG 4” most critical rare earth oxides: neodymium, praseodymium and terbium.
• In addition to its terbium and yttrium production, Rare Earth Salts recently produced hundreds of kilograms of high-purity NdPr from light rare earth concentrate feedstock.

• Moreover, it provides crucial strategies that are helping market players to expand their market share.
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  On the basis of region, the global superconducting electric motor market is classified as North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa.
• Growing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) is another key driver of the superconducting electric motor market.
• On the basis of type, the superconducting electric motor market is divided into Disc Type and Fold-In Type.