Jogging

• If you have a question you’d like an expert to answer, send it to [email protected].
• – Henry, age 12, Winter Hill, Massachusetts
  Can anyone make a citizen’s arrest, even me?
• – Henry, age 12, Winter Hill, Massachusetts What does Spider-Man do when he sees someone commit a crime and there are no police officers around to help?

Seizing criminals

• It was up to the citizens to arrest criminals.
• In 1285, England introduced what we now know as “citizen’s arrests” in a law called the Statute of Winchester.
• This concept spread throughout the English colonies, which ultimately became their own countries, including Australia, Canada and the United States.

Making a legal citizen’s arrest

• Citizen’s arrest laws are an exception to that general rule; they allow everyday people to make an arrest.
• Making a citizen’s arrest means holding the lawbreaker in place until the police arrive and take over.

• Most states allow you to make a citizen’s arrest for a minor crime – those categorized as a misdemeanor – only if you actually saw the person commit the crime.
• In most states, citizen’s arrest laws apply only if the person actually committed a crime.
• If you make a mistake by making a citizen’s arrest of someone who didn’t actually commit a crime, the person you arrested can sue you.
• Someone making a citizen’s arrest is usually allowed to use a reasonable amount of physical force to ensure that the lawbreaker stops committing the crime and can’t leave.
• Making a citizen’s arrest is no joke.
• There’s the danger of making a mistake about what the person did and whether it was a crime.

The authors do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

• Yet it’s often confusing to know the best way to achieve this, and many aspects of modern, westernised living conspire to keep us from achieving this goal.
• This suggests there’s much we can learn from hunter-gatherers to improve our lives.

Building connections

• Each member contributes, shares equally and belongs to a collective greater than themselves.
• According to James Woodburn, an anthropologist who studied the Hadza, tribe members “value their life as hunter-gatherers, they regard it as a wonderful life.
• Many aspects of modern society, such as urbanisation, the nuclear family and consumerism, mean many of the connections inherent to hunter-gatherer society have been eroded.
• Exercising in green spaces and practising mindfulness are also great ways of connecting with the present and boosting mental health.

Eating well

• Diets primarily consist of plant-based foods, such as tubers, berries and fruit that are readily available.
• Many studies have shown that plant-based diets and fasting can have many benefits for health.
• Here's what the science says

  Because hunter-gatherers eat what nature offers, this means their diets consist mainly of whole foods.

Limiting intake of ultra-processed foods and adopting a diet more akin to those followed by hunter-gatherers can help improve your health.

Moving more

• Their nomadic lifestyle of hunting and foraging meant they consistently covered distances from six to 16km daily.
• Combined with diets high in ultra-processed foods, this means many of us consume more calories each day than we use, leading to weight gain.
• We can also benefit from moving more like hunter-gatherers.
• Making time to socialise, focusing on getting more plants in our diets and moving more often are all things we can do daily to live more like hunter-gatherers – and look after our health.

• David Clayton has received research funding from the British Nutrition Foundation, the Society for Endocrinology, Innovate UK and the Turmeric Co. [email protected] currently receives funding from the National Institute for Health Research, the European Commission and the British Academy.
• In the past, he has received grants from the Arts and Humanities Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council, UK Research and Innovation, Department for Health and Social Care and the National Health Service.

• These practices have become commonplace in the world of sport, even for amateurs.
• Some 90 per cent of amateur runners now use a smartwatch or mobile application.
• Becoming part of a community of exercisers can also increase motivation by interweaving systems of mutual encouragement and competition.

The discontinuation of connected devices

• First of all, we should recall that the adoption of connected devices for sports is not evenly distributed across the population.
• In addition, the 30-39 age group is the most equipped with smart bracelets and smartwatches.
• We believe that the rejection of these devices may be the result of a deterioration in the quality of the experience of a sport when using them.
• It’s a question of rediscovering a form of lost freedom, of lightness, or even of resonance.

The adherence to quantification tools

• While dropping the tools is a significant and explainable phenomenon, the reasons for sticking to them must also be considered.
• What are the conditions that enable amateur runners to continue practising and quantifying their performance numerically while deriving pleasure and well-being from the activity?
• We showed that the amateur runners who persevered in using digital tools were the ones who had developed a high level of expertise in self-quantification.
• They also learn to let go of certain areas of quantification (sleep, for example) in order to focus their efforts exclusively on running.

The nature of the attachment to the device

• We wanted to gain a better understanding of the connection runners formed with their digital tracking device.
• This change, which was out of the ordinary for most of them, turned out to be particularly destabilizing and revealed how deeply incorporated their use of, and attachment to the tool was.
• All the subjects we studied initially admitted to being very apprehensive about the idea of running without their watch.
• Ultimately, there’s nothing spontaneous, magical or automatic about interacting with your quantification device in a functional way.

• Matthieu Quidu received funding from the University of Lyon 1 for a research project entitled, "In search of sobriety: sociological insights into the emergence of minimalist sporting practices."
• Brice Favier-Ambrosini received funding from the Fonds de recherche du Québec - Société et Culture (FRQSC) for a project entitled "Identifying the essential, eliminating the rest," an analysis of the trend towards minimalism in the consumption of sports leisure activities.

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