Seawater

• RICHMOND, British Columbia and TOKYO, Oct. 11, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Today, General Fusion and Kyoto Fusioneering announced a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to accelerate the commercialization of General Fusion’s proprietary Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF) technology, aiming for grid integration in the early to mid-2030s.
• Tritium, a hydrogen isotope and key fusion fuel, does not occur naturally and must be produced or “bred” in the fusion process.
• Kyoto Fusioneering specializes in fusion power plant systems that complement the plasma confinement core, are applicable to various fusion confinement concepts, such as MTF, and are on the critical path for fusion commercialization.
• “Harnessing the unique technological and engineering expertise of Kyoto Fusioneering will be instrumental as we translate LM26’s groundbreaking results into the world’s first Magnetized Target Fusion power plant.”
  "We're thrilled to join forces with General Fusion.

• Australia’s Reef Restoration and Adaptation Program – a collaboration between several universities, CSIRO and the Australian Institute of Marine Science – is exploring whether cloud brightening could reduce coral bleaching.
• We started exploring cloud brightening after the mass bleaching event in 2016.
• Then we began pilot testing in the central Great Barrier Reef near Townsville during January 2020.

A bright idea

• Recently, scientists have begun to consider regional rather than global application of cloud brightening.
• Could brightening clouds directly over the Great Barrier Reef for a few months reduce coral bleaching during a marine heat wave?
• The sea salt particles sprayed in the process typically only persist in the atmosphere for one to several days.
• Read more:
  We are poised to pass 1.5℃ of global warming – world leaders offer 4 ways to manage this dangerous time

How do you brighten a cloud?

• A warm cloud (as opposed to an ice cloud) is a collection of small water droplets floating in the air.
• Every droplet begins with the condensation of water vapour around a nucleus, which can be almost any kind of tiny particle suspended in air.
• Typically, in the lower atmosphere over land there are thousands to tens of thousands of these tiny particles suspended in every cubic centimetre of air.
• To brighten such clouds, we can spray large quantities of microscopic seawater droplets into the air.

Testing the theory

• Although scientists have researched cloud brightening for more than 30 years, no one had ever directly tested the theory.
• In Australia, we have now developed technology to a point where we are starting to measure the response of the clouds.

Not so far-fetched

• The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimates humanity’s unintentional release of aerosols offsets around 30% of the warming effect due to greenhouse gases.
• Sulphates in ship exhaust are such a potent source of aerosols for droplet formation, the passage of ships leaves cloud trails called ship tracks.

• BEIJING, Oct. 12, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- A group of young people, six Indonesian and six Chinese, visited representative enterprises of China Energy from September 22 to 26 as part of the "We Are Together: Silk Road Youth's China Energy Tour" organized by the company.
• The youths from both countries had a roundtable dialogue in Beijing on September 26, at which they talked about their visits to China Energy and a number of other topics including energy digitalization, technological innovation, ecological progress, new energy development, and cultural blending between China and Indonesia.
• China Energy announced the establishment of an Indonesian branch of the China Energy Young Makers Alliance during the roundtable dialogue.
• China Energy plans to turn the "We Are Together" cultural program into a regular platform for promoting the communication, mutual learning and friendship between Chinese and Indonesian youths.

• SINGAPORE, Oct. 5, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- A global supply chain combined with the capability and proven track-record of delivering plate heat exchangers customized for Offshore operations gave Tranter an extensive order for an Offshore oil and gas project in Brazil.
• The order has a total of thirty-eight (38) large plate and frame heat exchangers in titanium that will be installed top sides on two new FPSO (Floating production storage offloading), operated offshore in Brazil.
• The heat exchangers were ordered by a major FPSO contractor and operator based in Singapore, while the FPSO itself will be built in China, after fabrication it will sail off for operation offshore Brazil.
• The heat exchangers will be used in the crude oil stabilization and process cooling medium cooling applications on the FPSOs top side modules.