Nicotine

• While the government's existing proposal would exempt mint/menthol, health groups have argued that a complete ban on non-tobacco flavours is required to protect young people from nicotine addiction, as mint/menthol is the second-most popular flavour amongst youth and young adults .
• The ad also calls for swift action to protect minors against the sale and promotion of nicotine pouches, namely by making them a prescription-only product.
• Making nicotine pouches available on a prescription-only basis would give time to both federal and provincial governments to establish a proper regulatory framework.
• We hope that the government will be consistent in protecting kids from nicotine addiction and will rapidly move to ban all flavours in vaping products.

• Operating Expenses decreased to $13.2 million compared to $15.6 million, with the decrease driven primarily by disciplined cost management.
• As of October 31, 2023, Kaival Brands had working capital of approximately $1.9 million and total cash of approximately $0.5 million.
• Through it all, we remain committed to steadfast compliance with established FDA requirements for our products and business as we have since our inception.
• Those ten products remain available for sale through Kaival Brands, subject to FDA’s enforcement discretion.

• With the countless studies available today on the effects of tobacco use, we should have no trouble convincing ourselves and others of how harmful it is.
• The cells that make up our tissues, organs and body systems are sensitive to the effects of external toxic agents, many of which can be found in tobacco.
• Many smokers not only accept this, but also ignore the serious danger it poses to the people around them.

Initial effects in the mouth and pharynx

• When tobacco smoke enters our body, the first cells to receive it are in the mouth, nose and throat.
• These effects on the immune system are also linked to a higher likelihood of developing cancer.
• We also cannot forget that tobacco smoke robs us of our sense of taste and smell, leaving an almost continuous bitter taste in the mouth.

Lung damage

• Furthermore, due to the direct damage caused by tobacco on the tissue that maintains the structure of the lungs, the bronchi and bronchioles become blocked, generating symptoms similar to suffocation.
• As if that were not enough, people with COPD are also more likely to develop cardiovascular disease, and lung cancer.

Black tar and macrophages

• We can cast our minds back to the previous image of my father’s pipe, black and sticky with tar.
• It so happens that the lungs are rich in macrophages – special cells that play a key role in our immune systems by reacting to attacks, producing inflammatory responses.
• These cells end up ingesting the tar from tobacco, and they eventually die loaded with this substance which builds up and gives a smoker’s lungs their characteristic blackened appearance.

Nicotine’s effects on neurons: dependence and addiction

• As with any other compound that stimulates neurotransmitter receptors, permanent stimulation desensitises neurons.
• This means that the neurons reduce the number of receptors, or change their sensitivity to the stimulant.
• This desensitisation process can lead not only to nicotine dependence, but also to other diseases such as memory loss.

Guillermo López Lluch is a member of the Spanish Society of Cell Biology, the Spanish Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Spanish Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology, the Society for Free Radical Research and the International Coenzyme Q10 Association. The research carried out by the author is financed by public funds from the Spanish Government or the Autonomous Government of Andalusia.

• NEW YORK, Feb. 6, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Redwood Scientific Technologies Inc. (OTC: RSCI), ("Redwood" or "the Company"), a pioneering pharmaceutical company headquartered in New York, announced today that it has entered into an agreement with Jeeva Clinical Trials to launch a clinical effectiveness study of its TBX-Free oral strips products for smoking and e-cigarette cessation.
• The company has engaged top U.S. institution, George Mason University, to conduct the efficacy study on this new product.
• Unfortunately, nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs) that are currently on the market still rely on the continued use of nicotine.
• Our goal is to foster healthier communities with access to such products that will lead to a brighter future for all."