HILDA data show women’s job prospects improving relative to men’s, and the COVID changes might have helped
The latest HILDA survey shows Australia’s gender gap in employment continuing to close, with progress beginning on the earnings gap.
- The latest HILDA survey shows Australia’s gender gap in employment continuing to close, with progress beginning on the earnings gap.
- Remarkably, the progress has continued notwithstanding the disruptions caused by COVID; there are indications they may even have helped.
Employment lifting
- For men of that age, the proportion in paid employment has changed little during those two decades, fluctuating between 80% and 84%, allowing the gap in employment between men and women to narrow eight percentage points.
- Most of the gain has taken place since 2009 when one in ten women of that age were in paid employment, a figure that has since climbed to one in four, not too far off the one in three men of that age employed.
- While men remain well ahead in full-time employment, that gap is narrowing too.
- If the gender gap in employment is to be eliminated, it is clear couples with children will need to share the load more equally.
Wages lifting
- In 2001, women employed full-time earned on average 79% of what men earned.
- Average female earnings have climbed from 66% of male earnings in 2001 to 75% in 2021.
How COVID might have helped
- HILDA shows the proportion of employees working from home in 2020 and 2021 has increased substantially.
- The proportion working any hours at home climbed from 25.1% in 2019 to 37.3% in 2021.
- There are health risks from working from home while unwell and also career risks from working at home.
- “Out of sight” can mean “out of mind” when it comes to promotions.
Some small steps on sharing the caring
- The improvement accelerated slightly in 2020 and 2021, via both an increase in the hours worked on domestic chores by men and a slight decrease for women.
- In 2021, mothers of dependent children were still spending 75% more time on unpaid housework and child care than their male partners.
Roger Wilkins receives funding from the Australian Research Council.