Housing

Grattan on Friday: Ethnic tensions will complicate the Albanese government’s multicultural policy reform

Retrieved on: 
Thursday, April 18, 2024

“In 2024, threats to our way of life have surpassed terrorism as Australia’s principal security concern,” he said.

Key Points: 
  • “In 2024, threats to our way of life have surpassed terrorism as Australia’s principal security concern,” he said.
  • Tensions, especially in western Sydney, are much elevated because of the Middle East conflict.
  • And the Wakeley attack came just two days after the Bondi Junction shopping centre stabbings, which killed six people.
  • While that atrocity did not fall under the definition of “terrorism”, inevitably the two incidents were conflated by an alarmed public.
  • The challenge for political leaders is not just dealing with the immediate increasing threats to cohesion, but with longer term policy.
  • Andrew Jakubowicz, emeritus professor of sociology at the University of Technology Sydney, highlights the three separate elements of multiculturalism.


“Settlement policy, which deals with arrival, survival and orientation, and the emergence of bonding within the group and finding employment, housing and education
"Multicultural policy, which ensures that institutions in society identify and respond to needs over the life course and in changing life circumstances, and
"Community Relations policy, which includes building skills in intercultural relations, engagement with the power hierarchies of society and the inclusion of diversity into the fabric of decision-making in society - from politics to education to health to the arts.”

  • The Albanese government last year commissioned an independent review of the present multicultural framework.
  • Although the review is not due for release until mid-year, the May budget is likely to see some initiatives.


Michelle Grattan does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

High and dry: Federal budget 2024 misses the mark on water-related investments

Retrieved on: 
Thursday, April 18, 2024

Forest fires in British Columbia are expected to begin earlier and last longer this year and severe multi-year droughts are forecast for the Prairies.

Key Points: 
  • Forest fires in British Columbia are expected to begin earlier and last longer this year and severe multi-year droughts are forecast for the Prairies.
  • In the lead-up to the federal government’s 2024 budget, there was hope for investments in water management and water-related infrastructure to help address some of these issues.

Fires and droughts

  • The budget is light on details — and critical infrastructure investments — regarding the management of fires and droughts.
  • But they are often politically contentious and have many social and environmental impacts that need to be weighed during the decision-making process.
  • Given the recurring jurisdictional spats between Ottawa and the provinces over water management issues, this lack of commitment to large-scale infrastructure is perhaps unsurprising.

Focus on emergency management

  • In contrast to Ottawa’s actions, Alberta recently dedicated funds in its provincial budget to address the urgent threat of a looming drought.
  • On the topic of fires, while the federal government acknowledged in early April the looming destructive wildfire season, the budget is focused exclusively on emergency management and firefighter training.
  • While it’s important to prepare, such a focus ignores an arguably more pressing problem — the lack of infrastructure required to provide the water for firefighting.

Floods

  • It did, however, propose almost $7 million over five years for the Meteorological Service of Canada’s early warning system for extreme weather events, with a focus on floods and storm surges.
  • However, this type of policy approach doesn’t address the root causes that result in the occurrence of floods; rather, it focuses on paying out for damages after the floods have happened.
  • Ultimately, what is perhaps most striking about the issue of floods in the 2024 budget is how little attention they received and how much of it may be buried under housing-related budget measures.

Housing and wastewater

  • The third major water-related aspect we examined in the 2024 budget concerned housing and water management in the built environment.
  • There were many welcome references in the budget about the need to invest in urban storm water and wastewater infrastructure.
  • This is definitely an important component in dealing with rapid growth and housing affordability issues in Canadian cities, but it will be critical for infrastructure investments to go beyond the status quo and incorporate novel storm-water systems and green infrastructure.

What still needs to be done

  • In the end, this budget did little to address the concerns many Canadians have about climate-related impacts and water security.
  • There must be investments in sustainable water-use programs and timely water measurements.
  • The above being said, infrastructure alone won’t solve the complex issues of climate-related water management.


Kerry Black receives funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. David Barrett receives funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, provincial research grants, and collaborates on projects receiving NSERC Alliance funding.

How England’s scrapped Sure Start centres boosted the health and education of disadvantaged children

Retrieved on: 
Thursday, April 18, 2024

The Sure Start programme was launched in 1999, with centres set up in communities across England to offer support to the most disadvantaged families.

Key Points: 
  • The Sure Start programme was launched in 1999, with centres set up in communities across England to offer support to the most disadvantaged families.
  • The research found that access to a Sure Start centre significantly improved the GCSE results of disadvantaged children.
  • This builds on other research that has shown that Sure Start also had significant long-term health benefits.

How Sure Start worked

  • There was no set model for how Sure Start local programmes should deliver the services they offered.
  • The support offered was tailored to the challenges that local families were facing.
  • I was lucky enough to be the community development worker for a small children-and-families charity that led an early Sure Start local programme.

Learning from Sure Start

  • Drawing on the successes of Sure Start, the nursery was established with the motto “changing lives through relationships”.
  • It had the explicit aim of building trust with families so that we can understand their challenges and work on solutions together.
  • The university runs the nursery, and together with Save the Children provides additional support to parents.
  • I have always been convinced of the benefit of Sure Start’s approach, and the recent IFS findings add further evidence of its value.


Sally Pearse does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

Draft guideline on good agricultural and collection practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin - Revision 1

Retrieved on: 
Thursday, April 18, 2024

REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................... 14

Key Points: 
    • REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................... 14

      29

      Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 3/14

      30

      EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

      31
      32
      33
      34
      35
      36

      This guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin

      37

      1.

    • Due to the inherent
      complexity of medicinal plants and herbal substances the quality of these starting materials requires an
      adequate quality assurance system for the collection and/or cultivation, harvest, and primary
      processing.
    • (either outdoor, indoor or in greenhouses) should be carefully considered, since each of the mentioned
      types could have several problems and advantages.
    • The used cultivation method may be dependent on
      the final application of the herbal medicinal product.
    • primary processing of herbal substances that are used for the preparation of herbal medicinal products.
    • medicinal plants and herbal substances, ensuring that they are handled appropriately throughout all
      stages of cultivation, collection, processing and storage.
    • their preparations are exposed to a large number of environmental contaminants of both biotic and
      abiotic origin.
    • to existing wildlife habitats and must adhere to CITES (Convention on International Trade in
      Endangered species of Wild Fauna and Flora).
    • https://health.ec.europa.eu/document/download/bd537ccf-9271-4230-bca1-2d...
      4 https://health.ec.europa.eu/document/download/fd318dd6-2404-4e67-82b0232...
      3

      Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 5/14

      104

      4.

    • Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 6/14

      147
      148
      149

      8.

    • Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 7/14

      185

      7.

    • Where possible, stable varieties and cultivars naturally
      Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 8/14

      227
      228

      resistant or tolerant to disease should preferably be used.

    • Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 9/14

      268
      269
      270
      271
      272
      273

      The application should be carried out only by qualified staff using approved equipment.

    • The following should be noted:

      Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 10/14

      309
      310

      ?

      311
      312
      313

      ?

      314
      315
      316
      317

      ?

      318
      319
      320

      ?

      321
      322

      ?

      323
      324
      325

      ?

      326
      327
      328

      ?

      Damaged plants or plant parts need to be excluded or limited in accordance with a specific
      pharmacopoeia monograph, where relevant.

    • Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 11/14

      347
      348

      directly to the sun (except in cases where there is a specific need) and must be protected from
      rainfall, insect infestation, etc.

    • The label must be clear, permanently fixed and made from

      6

      Reflection paper on the use of fumigants (EMEA/HMPC/125562/2006)

      Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 12/14

      386
      387

      non-toxic material.

    • Certain exudates that have not been subjected to a specific treatment are

      Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 13/14

      425
      426
      427

      also considered to be herbal substances.

    • European Pharmacopoeia General Monograph ?HERBAL DRUGS? 07/2017:1433

      Are obtained by subjecting herbal substances to treatments such as
      extraction, distillation, expression, fractionation, purification, concentration
      or fermentation.

Draft guideline on good agricultural and collection practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin - Revision 1

Retrieved on: 
Thursday, April 18, 2024

REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................... 14

Key Points: 
    • REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................... 14

      29

      Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 3/14

      30

      EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

      31
      32
      33
      34
      35
      36

      This guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin

      37

      1.

    • Due to the inherent
      complexity of medicinal plants and herbal substances the quality of these starting materials requires an
      adequate quality assurance system for the collection and/or cultivation, harvest, and primary
      processing.
    • (either outdoor, indoor or in greenhouses) should be carefully considered, since each of the mentioned
      types could have several problems and advantages.
    • The used cultivation method may be dependent on
      the final application of the herbal medicinal product.
    • primary processing of herbal substances that are used for the preparation of herbal medicinal products.
    • medicinal plants and herbal substances, ensuring that they are handled appropriately throughout all
      stages of cultivation, collection, processing and storage.
    • their preparations are exposed to a large number of environmental contaminants of both biotic and
      abiotic origin.
    • to existing wildlife habitats and must adhere to CITES (Convention on International Trade in
      Endangered species of Wild Fauna and Flora).
    • https://health.ec.europa.eu/document/download/bd537ccf-9271-4230-bca1-2d...
      4 https://health.ec.europa.eu/document/download/fd318dd6-2404-4e67-82b0232...
      3

      Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 5/14

      104

      4.

    • Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 6/14

      147
      148
      149

      8.

    • Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 7/14

      185

      7.

    • Where possible, stable varieties and cultivars naturally
      Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 8/14

      227
      228

      resistant or tolerant to disease should preferably be used.

    • Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 9/14

      268
      269
      270
      271
      272
      273

      The application should be carried out only by qualified staff using approved equipment.

    • The following should be noted:

      Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 10/14

      309
      310

      ?

      311
      312
      313

      ?

      314
      315
      316
      317

      ?

      318
      319
      320

      ?

      321
      322

      ?

      323
      324
      325

      ?

      326
      327
      328

      ?

      Damaged plants or plant parts need to be excluded or limited in accordance with a specific
      pharmacopoeia monograph, where relevant.

    • Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 11/14

      347
      348

      directly to the sun (except in cases where there is a specific need) and must be protected from
      rainfall, insect infestation, etc.

    • The label must be clear, permanently fixed and made from

      6

      Reflection paper on the use of fumigants (EMEA/HMPC/125562/2006)

      Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 12/14

      386
      387

      non-toxic material.

    • Certain exudates that have not been subjected to a specific treatment are

      Guideline on Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for starting materials of herbal origin
      EMA/HMPC/246816/2005

      Page 13/14

      425
      426
      427

      also considered to be herbal substances.

    • European Pharmacopoeia General Monograph ?HERBAL DRUGS? 07/2017:1433

      Are obtained by subjecting herbal substances to treatments such as
      extraction, distillation, expression, fractionation, purification, concentration
      or fermentation.

A new measure of firm-level competition: an application to euro area banks

Retrieved on: 
Thursday, April 18, 2024

Abstract

Key Points: 
    • Abstract
      This paper extends Boone (2008) by introducing a competition measure at the individual
      firm level rather than for an entire market segment.
    • We apply this extended Boone indicator to individual bank-level competition
      in the loan market in the four largest euro area countries and Austria.
    • Our new measure of firm-level competition enriches and complements
      other competition measures and provides a promising starting point for future market
      power analyses.
    • The only measure among non-structural measures that is based on the
      concept of competition as a process of rivalry is the Boone (2008) indicator.
    • We introduce
      a new performance measure of competition by extending the Boone indicator to the
      individual firm level.
    • Introduction
      The ability to reliably measure competition is valuable to researchers, analysts, and
      policymakers, especially antitrust authorities, financial supervisors, and central banks.
    • One broad
      category of indicators often used to measure competition are structural competition
      measures, such as static concentration measures, and dynamic measures, e.g., entry and
      exit rates.
    • Out of these measures, the only measure based on the
      concept of competition as a process of rivalry is the Boone indicator.
    • This study introduces a new performance measure of competition by extending the
      Boone indicator to the individual firm level.
    • It thus measures the
      increase in profits in percent of one percentage point increase in efficiency, with marginal
      costs as measure of efficiency.
    • We extend the theoretical
      underpinning of the measurement of competition for the entire market of Boone (2008) by
      a new measure of individual firm-level competition.
    • A concern of the literature is the gap
      between the practical application and the theoretical framework of Boone (2008).
    • We introduce within the same theoretical
      framework a new measure of competition on firm level, the MRP.
    • Our new
      measure significantly augments the antitrust evaluative framework by shedding light on
      whether a merger results in a less competitive market.
    • Our novel indicator focuses on
      firms? incentives to enhance their relative efficiency, as manifested in the elasticity
      between relative profits and efficiency.
    • However, an inefficient firm that is foreclosed could be more
      competitive than the larger efficient firm that relies on its scale economies.
    • Our new metric of competition unveils
      banks? ability to influence their profitability in the short term by cutting costs relative to
      their peers.
    • The new MRP indicator provides the ability to assess the impact
      of individual banks? competitiveness on their interest rate-setting behaviour in loan
      markets.
    • Incorporating this information promises a more refined understanding of the impact and
      timing of monetary policy rates changes on the real economy.
    • Section 3 introduces within the Boone
      (2008) theoretical framework our new measure of individual firm-level competition,
      including the interpretation of the MRP.
    • Section 4 provides an application of our new
      ECB Working Paper Series No 2925

      6

      individual firm-level competition measure to the loan market.

    • The StructureConduct-Performance paradigm (SCP) provides a traditional framework in the field of
      industrial organization for analysing competition behaviour in markets.
    • Concentrated
      markets ease the possibilities to collude implicitly or explicitly and therefore concentrated
      markets result in higher prices and profits.
    • For example, a tougher competition
      setup may lead to a reallocation of market shares, potentially forcing some firms to exit
      the market.
    • This approach gives firms? strategic behaviour
      central stage and focuses on the strategic interaction on prices and quantities, known as
      conjectural variation.
    • Another measure from
      this strand of literature is the H-statistic developed by Panzar and Rosse (1987).
    • The only competition measure from this performance literature where competition is the
      outcome from a process of rivalry is the Boone indicator.
    • A continuous and monotonically increasing relationship exists between
      RPD and the level of competition if firms are ranked by decreasing efficiency.
    • (2013) compare the Boone indicator with the price-cost margin
      and conclude that the profit elasticity is a more reliable measure of competition.
    • The high
      elasticity of profits to efficiency unequivocally indicates that the high market shares and
      therefore high profits are due to high efficiency.
    • A firm that quickly passes changes to the input prices is seen as a price
      taker with little market power.
    • Indicators of competition tend to measure different phenomenon and may provide
      conflicting messages, as reported for European banking by Carbo et al.
    • Application 2: Test the ?quiet life? and related market structure hypotheses using the
      MRP as competition or market structure measure.
    • Data
      Our application to individual bank-level competition in the euro area loan market uses
      balance sheet and income statement data from the Moody?s Analytics BankFocus for the
      calendar years 2013-2020.
    • As such, most publications
      on competition in the euro area includes the largest four member states.
    • Due to these restrictions the database was reduced to an unbalanced panel of up to 1862
      banks (depending on the year) from five euro area countries.
    • Application 1: Measure bank competition using MRP
      Looking at the distribution of the MRP for individual banks (Fig.
    • A similar finding for the four largest euro area countries as a group is
      reported in Carbo et al.
    • Application 2: Test of market structure hypotheses using MRP
      Our new measure of individual-bank competition can be used to test market structure
      theories.
    • Euro area banks? market power,
      lending channel and stability: the effects of negative policy rates, European Central Bank
      Working Paper, 2790 (February).
    • A
      new approach to measuring competition in the loan markets of the euro area, Applied
      Economics, 43 (23), 3155?3167.
    • Impact of bank competition on the interest rate pass-through in the euro area, Applied
      Economics, 45 (11), 1359?1380.

Housing association reprimanded for exposing personal information on online portal

Retrieved on: 
Thursday, April 18, 2024

We have issued a reprimand to Clyde Valley Housing Association in Lanarkshire after personal information was accessible to other residents on an online customer portal.

Key Points: 
  • We have issued a reprimand to Clyde Valley Housing Association in Lanarkshire after personal information was accessible to other residents on an online customer portal.
  • The resident called a customer service advisor at Clyde Valley Housing Association to flag the breach, but their concerns were not escalated, and the personal information remained accessible for five days.
  • This breach was the result of a clear oversight by Clyde Valley Housing Association when preparing to launch its new customer portal.
  • We previously issued a blog reminding housing organisations of their obligations under data protection law and providing practical steps to support them to process and share residents’ personal information lawfully.

Why moving to the right could be wrong for Dutton and the Coalition

Retrieved on: 
Wednesday, April 10, 2024

When Peter Dutton took the Coalition reins in 2022 after a humiliating loss of office, his first priority was unity.

Key Points: 
  • When Peter Dutton took the Coalition reins in 2022 after a humiliating loss of office, his first priority was unity.
  • A punchy and well-schooled parliamentarian, Dutton knew that if ever he was to contest the prime ministership, his primary challenge was to make it to the next election.
  • The alienation this policy creates among mainstream urban voters could more than offset its popularity in the joint party room (particularly within the anti-renewables Nationals).
  • They joined Warringah (NSW) on Sydney’s North Shore, lost spectacularly in 2019 to the original “teal”, Zali Steggall.
  • Read more:
    Labor's unexpected Aston win is body blow for Dutton

    The bad news has kept on coming.

  • That needless act, and the brash language justifying it, brought no interjection from Dutton.
  • It was an example of just the kind of braggadocio that could see even more Liberal women heading for the exits.


Mark Kenny does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

One Heritage Group plc: Interim report for the six months ended 31 December 2023

Retrieved on: 
Wednesday, April 10, 2024

One Heritage Group PLC (LSE: OHG), the UK-based residential developer focused on the North of England, announces its half year results for the six months ended 31 December 2023.

Key Points: 
  • One Heritage Group PLC (LSE: OHG), the UK-based residential developer focused on the North of England, announces its half year results for the six months ended 31 December 2023.
  • Revenue of £9.15m (H1 FY23 for the six month period to 31 December 2022: £5.75m).
  • Commencement of construction for 24 houses at Victoria Road, Eccleshill, West Yorkshire, the Group’s first new build housing project.
  • A revision of the Shareholder loan agreement extending terms to 31 December 2025 with the option to extend for a further 36 months.

EQS-News: BayWa AG expects earnings to improve in the financial year 2024

Retrieved on: 
Wednesday, April 10, 2024

BayWa AG closes the financial year 2023 with operating earnings of €304.0 million, just below the forecast for the year.

Key Points: 
  • BayWa AG closes the financial year 2023 with operating earnings of €304.0 million, just below the forecast for the year.
  • After deducting interest and tax, BayWa closed the past financial year with a loss of €93.4 million, down €332.9 million year on year.
  • “We are using 2024 for consolidation,” says Marcus Pöllinger, Chief Executive Officer of BayWa AG.
  • BayWa anticipates strong earnings growth in the current financial year, largely driven by a good apple harvest in New Zealand.