Emphasis

• Immunic Presents Data From Phase 2 EMPhASIS Trial of Vidofludimus Calcium in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis at MSMilan2023: The 9th Joint ECTRIMS-ACTRIMS Meeting
  The issuer is solely responsible for the content of this announcement.
• Immunic Presents Data From Phase 2 EMPhASIS Trial of Vidofludimus Calcium in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis at MSMilan2023: The 9th Joint ECTRIMS-ACTRIMS Meeting
  – NfL Effect Consistent With Recently Released Data from Separate, Phase 2 CALLIPER Trial of Vidofludimus Calcium in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis –
  NEW YORK, October 11, 2023 – Immunic, Inc. (Nasdaq: IMUX), a biotechnology company developing a clinical pipeline of orally administered, small molecule therapies for chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, announced that Robert J.
• EMPhASIS was an international, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel-group trial, designed to assess the efficacy and safety of vidofludimus calcium in patients with RRMS.
• On October 9, 2023, Immunic announced positive interim data from its phase 2 CALLIPER trial of vidofludimus calcium in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS).

• Investors have until October 30, 2023 to apply to the Court to be appointed as lead plaintiff in the lawsuit.
• According to the complaint, throughout the Class Period, Defendants made materially false and misleading statements regarding the Company’s business, operations, and compliance policies.
• On July 20, 2022, DFS issued a press release announcing its financial results for the second quarter of 2022.
• On July 19, 2023, DFS issued a press release announcing its financial results for the second quarter of 2023.

• Prosecraft requires an algorithm to crawl through millions of words of text to produce an analysis of the language.
• It drew on “more than 25,000 books” to allow authors to compare their text to writers they admire.
• Not by faux data analysis.” Smith believed Prosecraft could help uncover the intricacies of the writing techniques of famous authors that their otherwise dense prose might obscure.
• Read more:
  Explainer: what is 'fair dealing' and when can you copy without permission?

Shadow libraries: the ‘Achilles heel’ of AI

• None of this would be possible without a “shadow library”: the Achilles’ heel of AI technologies.
• In copyright terms, the copying of a book so it can be stored in a shadow library is an act of infringement.
• Yet, thousands of authors suing the creator of a shadow library is a different question altogether.

Copyright depends on human actions

• However, if the AI technology they have developed then trawls through that shadow library to produce many different forms of language analysis, this is not likely to be an infringement of copyright: almost all the relevant laws contemplate human actions.
• The opening line of the infringement provisions of the US Copyright Act reads, “Anyone who violates any of the exclusive rights of the copyright owner …” (Emphasis added.)
• Further references within section 501 of the US Copyright Act also make the assumption of human action and human agency quite plain.
• Fair use is an open-ended exception where the use of a copyright work is considered against four factors.

‘Transformative use’ and Australian law

• Australia amended its laws after the Australia-US Free Trade Agreement, to mirror some of the principles of US copyright law.
• In amending its laws, Australia legislated that parody or satire could form the basis of a fair dealing exception.
• Australia has either missed a trick or dodged a bullet by failing to include transformative use as a fair dealing exception.

• Accordingly, Mr. Gardner is urging the Board and shareholders to vote against Watsa as a director, given his conflict of interest as Fairfax's principal.
• Mr. Gardner is also urging the Board to resist unfair take-private bids and implement safeguards to protect minority shareholders.
• As you may recall, I am a long-term investor in BlackBerry Limited ("BlackBerry" or the "Company"), holding approximately 5,000,000 shares of the Company's common stock.
• At a minimum, the Board should exclude Watsa from its assessment of strategic alternatives given Watsa's clear conflict of interest.