Chemistry

Draft guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products

Retrieved on: 
Jeudi, avril 18, 2024

17

Key Points: 
    • 17

      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and
      nasal medicinal products

      18

      Table of contents

      19

      Executive summary ..................................................................................... 3

      20

      1.

    • Lifecycle management ........................................................................................ 28

      49

      Definitions ................................................................................................. 29

      16

      50
      51

      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 2/30

      52

      Executive summary

      53

      This guideline is the first revision of the guideline on pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal

      54

      products (EMEA/CHMP/QWP/49313/2005 Corr).

    • Quality aspects specific to inhalation and nasal medicinal products are discussed, the need for

      66

      safety testing (e.g., for excipients and leachables) is also considered.

    • 69

      Detailed guidance on pharmaceutical development study designs (e.g., priming studies) and the

      70

      analytical procedures primarily used for inhalation and nasal medicinal products (e.g., cascade

      71

      impactor analysis) is not included in this guideline.

    • Scope

      74

      The guideline addresses requirements "on the quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products" in

      75

      new marketing authorisation applications, including abridged applications.

    • Liquid inhalation anaesthetics and nasal ointments, creams and gels are

      88

      excluded, however the general principles described in this guideline should be considered.

    • 118

      Different polymorphic forms including any amorphous content could affect the quality or performance

      119

      of the finished medicinal product.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 4/30

      132

      The primary packaging, type of inhaler and, if necessary, the secondary packaging or other

      133

      components required for reasons of stability should be described.

    • Pharmaceutical
      development study

      (a) Physical
      characterisation
      (b) Minimum fill
      justification
      (c) Extractable
      volume

      Pressurised

      Dry powder

      Preparations for

      Non-

      metered-

      inhalers (DPI)

      nebulisation

      pressurised

      dose

      metered-

      Device-

      Pre-

      Single-

      Multi-

      (pMDI)

      metered

      metered

      dose

      dose

      inhalers

      Yesa

      Yes

      Yes

      Yesa

      Yesa

      Yesa

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      No

      No

      Yes

      No

      No

      inhalers

      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      dose

      Page 5/30

      Table 4.2.1.

    • The last doses delivered by

      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 7/30

      179

      the inhaler as defined by the label claim, should meet the finished medicinal product specification limits

      180

      for delivered dose and fine particle dose.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 9/30

      263
      264

      4.2.2.8.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 11/30

      345

      Instructions regarding cold temperature use should be provided in the product information.

    • Finished medicinal
      product

      Pressurised

      Dry powder inhalers

      Preparations for

      metered-

      (DPI)

      nebulisation

      dose

      Nonpressurised
      metered-dose

      Device-

      Pre-

      Single-

      Multi-

      (pMDI)

      metered

      metered

      dose

      dose

      inhalers

      (a) Description

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      (b) Assay

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      (c) Moisture content

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      No

      No

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      No

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      No

      Yes

      specification test

      (d) Mean delivered
      dose
      (e) Uniformity of
      delivered dose

      inhalers

      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 15/30

      Table 4.2.2.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 16/30

      510

      4.2.5.4.

    • The proposed specification limits should take into account the shelf-life performance of the
      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 17/30

      552

      medicinal product.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 18/30

      586

      All medical devices, including inhalers and nasal devices, have to fulfil the general requirements as

      587

      outlined in the Medical Device Regulation (EU) 2017/745.

    • Stability (CTD 3.2.P.8)

      598

      All inhalation medicinal products should be tested on stability against the stability indicating tests

      599

      included in the finished medicinal product specification.

    • Quality data requirements as

      619

      described in this guideline should be met, supplemented by appropriate comparative quality and

      620

      clinical data with respect to the chosen reference medicinal product.

    • 621

      For inhalation medicinal products comparative in vitro data between the abridged application medicinal

      622

      product and the reference medicinal product must be provided.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 20/30

      670

      Nature and contents of container: The type of the device and its components should be listed.

    • Nasal medicinal products

      695

      Inhalation and nasal medicinal products have many similarities and therefore, most of the

      696

      requirements specified for inhalation medicinal products in section 4 also apply for nasal medicinal

      697

      products.

    • One difference between inhalation and nasal medicinal products is the desired

      698

      particle/droplet size of the finished medicinal product.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 21/30

      704

      5.2.

    • Nasal liquids
      Pharmaceutical
      development
      study

      Pressurised

      Nasal

      metered-

      powders,

      dose nasal

      device-

      spray

      metered

      NonSingledose
      drops

      Multidose
      drops

      Single-

      pressurised

      dose

      multidose

      spray

      metereddose spray

      (a) Physical
      characterisation
      (b) Minimum fill
      justification
      (d) Extractables /
      leachables

      Yesa

      Yes

      Yesa

      Yesa

      Yesa

      Yesa

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      No

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      No

      No

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      No

      Yes

      Yes

      (f) Particle /
      droplet size
      distribution
      (g) Uniformity of
      delivered dose
      through container
      life
      (j) Actuator /
      mouthpiece
      deposition

      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 22/30

      Table 5.2.1.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 23/30

      728

      5.2.2.2.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 24/30

      769

      5.2.5.

    • Quality data requirements as described in

      799

      this guideline should be met, supplemented by appropriate comparative quality and clinical data with

      800

      respect to the chosen reference medicinal product.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 27/30

      849

      5.5.

    • 866

      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 28/30

      867

      Definitions
      Activation:

      The act of setting in motion the delivery device.

    • Delivery device:

      The sum of component(s) of the container closure system responsible for
      delivering the active substance to the respiratory tract (inhalation medicinal
      product) or the nasal and/or pharyngeal region (nasal medicinal product).

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 29/30

      Label claim:

      The amount of active substance (usually on a per actuation basis) declared
      on the label of the medicinal product.

    • Nasal medicinal

      A finished medicinal product (including the delivery device, where

      product:

      applicable) whose intended site of deposition is the nasal and/or pharyngeal
      region.

    • 868
      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 30/30

Draft guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products

Retrieved on: 
Jeudi, avril 18, 2024

17

Key Points: 
    • 17

      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and
      nasal medicinal products

      18

      Table of contents

      19

      Executive summary ..................................................................................... 3

      20

      1.

    • Lifecycle management ........................................................................................ 28

      49

      Definitions ................................................................................................. 29

      16

      50
      51

      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 2/30

      52

      Executive summary

      53

      This guideline is the first revision of the guideline on pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal

      54

      products (EMEA/CHMP/QWP/49313/2005 Corr).

    • Quality aspects specific to inhalation and nasal medicinal products are discussed, the need for

      66

      safety testing (e.g., for excipients and leachables) is also considered.

    • 69

      Detailed guidance on pharmaceutical development study designs (e.g., priming studies) and the

      70

      analytical procedures primarily used for inhalation and nasal medicinal products (e.g., cascade

      71

      impactor analysis) is not included in this guideline.

    • Scope

      74

      The guideline addresses requirements "on the quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products" in

      75

      new marketing authorisation applications, including abridged applications.

    • Liquid inhalation anaesthetics and nasal ointments, creams and gels are

      88

      excluded, however the general principles described in this guideline should be considered.

    • 118

      Different polymorphic forms including any amorphous content could affect the quality or performance

      119

      of the finished medicinal product.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 4/30

      132

      The primary packaging, type of inhaler and, if necessary, the secondary packaging or other

      133

      components required for reasons of stability should be described.

    • Pharmaceutical
      development study

      (a) Physical
      characterisation
      (b) Minimum fill
      justification
      (c) Extractable
      volume

      Pressurised

      Dry powder

      Preparations for

      Non-

      metered-

      inhalers (DPI)

      nebulisation

      pressurised

      dose

      metered-

      Device-

      Pre-

      Single-

      Multi-

      (pMDI)

      metered

      metered

      dose

      dose

      inhalers

      Yesa

      Yes

      Yes

      Yesa

      Yesa

      Yesa

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      No

      No

      Yes

      No

      No

      inhalers

      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      dose

      Page 5/30

      Table 4.2.1.

    • The last doses delivered by

      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 7/30

      179

      the inhaler as defined by the label claim, should meet the finished medicinal product specification limits

      180

      for delivered dose and fine particle dose.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 9/30

      263
      264

      4.2.2.8.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 11/30

      345

      Instructions regarding cold temperature use should be provided in the product information.

    • Finished medicinal
      product

      Pressurised

      Dry powder inhalers

      Preparations for

      metered-

      (DPI)

      nebulisation

      dose

      Nonpressurised
      metered-dose

      Device-

      Pre-

      Single-

      Multi-

      (pMDI)

      metered

      metered

      dose

      dose

      inhalers

      (a) Description

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      (b) Assay

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      (c) Moisture content

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      No

      No

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      No

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      No

      Yes

      specification test

      (d) Mean delivered
      dose
      (e) Uniformity of
      delivered dose

      inhalers

      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 15/30

      Table 4.2.2.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 16/30

      510

      4.2.5.4.

    • The proposed specification limits should take into account the shelf-life performance of the
      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 17/30

      552

      medicinal product.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 18/30

      586

      All medical devices, including inhalers and nasal devices, have to fulfil the general requirements as

      587

      outlined in the Medical Device Regulation (EU) 2017/745.

    • Stability (CTD 3.2.P.8)

      598

      All inhalation medicinal products should be tested on stability against the stability indicating tests

      599

      included in the finished medicinal product specification.

    • Quality data requirements as

      619

      described in this guideline should be met, supplemented by appropriate comparative quality and

      620

      clinical data with respect to the chosen reference medicinal product.

    • 621

      For inhalation medicinal products comparative in vitro data between the abridged application medicinal

      622

      product and the reference medicinal product must be provided.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 20/30

      670

      Nature and contents of container: The type of the device and its components should be listed.

    • Nasal medicinal products

      695

      Inhalation and nasal medicinal products have many similarities and therefore, most of the

      696

      requirements specified for inhalation medicinal products in section 4 also apply for nasal medicinal

      697

      products.

    • One difference between inhalation and nasal medicinal products is the desired

      698

      particle/droplet size of the finished medicinal product.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 21/30

      704

      5.2.

    • Nasal liquids
      Pharmaceutical
      development
      study

      Pressurised

      Nasal

      metered-

      powders,

      dose nasal

      device-

      spray

      metered

      NonSingledose
      drops

      Multidose
      drops

      Single-

      pressurised

      dose

      multidose

      spray

      metereddose spray

      (a) Physical
      characterisation
      (b) Minimum fill
      justification
      (d) Extractables /
      leachables

      Yesa

      Yes

      Yesa

      Yesa

      Yesa

      Yesa

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      No

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      No

      No

      Yes

      Yes

      Yes

      No

      No

      Yes

      Yes

      (f) Particle /
      droplet size
      distribution
      (g) Uniformity of
      delivered dose
      through container
      life
      (j) Actuator /
      mouthpiece
      deposition

      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 22/30

      Table 5.2.1.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 23/30

      728

      5.2.2.2.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 24/30

      769

      5.2.5.

    • Quality data requirements as described in

      799

      this guideline should be met, supplemented by appropriate comparative quality and clinical data with

      800

      respect to the chosen reference medicinal product.

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 27/30

      849

      5.5.

    • 866

      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 28/30

      867

      Definitions
      Activation:

      The act of setting in motion the delivery device.

    • Delivery device:

      The sum of component(s) of the container closure system responsible for
      delivering the active substance to the respiratory tract (inhalation medicinal
      product) or the nasal and/or pharyngeal region (nasal medicinal product).

    • Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 29/30

      Label claim:

      The amount of active substance (usually on a per actuation basis) declared
      on the label of the medicinal product.

    • Nasal medicinal

      A finished medicinal product (including the delivery device, where

      product:

      applicable) whose intended site of deposition is the nasal and/or pharyngeal
      region.

    • 868
      Guideline on the pharmaceutical quality of inhalation and nasal medicinal products
      EMA/CHMP/20607/2024

      Page 30/30

EQS-News: SIBUR attends Geneva roundtable, discusses projects to reduce plastic pollution

Retrieved on: 
Mercredi, avril 10, 2024

Under its Vivilen brand, SIBUR produces a range of polymers containing recycled plastic for various applications: food (rPET), non-food (rPO) and home decor (rPS).

Key Points: 
  • Under its Vivilen brand, SIBUR produces a range of polymers containing recycled plastic for various applications: food (rPET), non-food (rPO) and home decor (rPS).
  • SIBUR is implementing a number of plastic collection and recycling projects in collaboration with various partners in its regions of operations.
  • According to the Russian Carbon Unit Registry, SIBUR has one of the largest portfolios of climate projects among the Russian companies.
  • SIBUR’s climate projects are set to reduce CO2 emissions by over 6 million tons by the end of 2032.

AI Stocks Targeting Opportunities in the Global Healthcare Market

Retrieved on: 
Mercredi, avril 10, 2024

The AI in Healthcare market is projected to grow from USD 20.9 billion in 2024 and reach USD 148.4 billion by 2029.

Key Points: 
  • The AI in Healthcare market is projected to grow from USD 20.9 billion in 2024 and reach USD 148.4 billion by 2029.
  • Betting on healthcare as a key market, Avant Technologies, Inc. (OTCQB: AVAI) just announced the completion of its acquisition of privately-held healthcare technology and data integration services firm, Wired-4-Health.
  • "By helping healthcare companies easily build and manage AI solutions, we're enabling them to harness the full power and potential of generative AI."
  • For investors following AI stocks, the hunt is on for finding the stocks that can harness the power of AI for the next generation of healthcare.

CJ Biomaterials Names Harry Jang as New Chief Executive Officer

Retrieved on: 
Mardi, mars 19, 2024

Jang is a 29-year veteran of CJ CheilJedang, holding positions of leadership in countries around the world

Key Points: 
  • Jang is a 29-year veteran of CJ CheilJedang, holding positions of leadership in countries around the world
    Woburn, Massachusetts--(Newsfile Corp. - March 19, 2024) - CJ Biomaterials, Inc, a division of South Korea-based CJ CheilJedang and a primary producer of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolymers, has named Harry Jang as its new Chief Executive Officer.
  • As the head of CJ Biomaterials, Jang will oversee the company's strategic direction, drive innovation in sustainable materials, and spearhead efforts to expand market presence and partnerships in the global bioplastics industry.
  • Jang joined CJ CheilJedang in 1995 and has taken over roles of increasing responsibility at CJ businesses around the world, working in Korea, Brazil, Vietnam, Germany, and most recently, the United States.
  • During his tenure, Jang helped CJ BIO America to grow its business, including an expansion of operations at its Ft.

Essex Bio-Technology Posts Sound 2023 Annual Financial Results, Revenue Up 29.5%, Profit Up 22.1%

Retrieved on: 
Lundi, mars 18, 2024

The Group weathered the headwinds and managed to deliver sound performances amidst the challenging trading environment in 2023.

Key Points: 
  • The Group weathered the headwinds and managed to deliver sound performances amidst the challenging trading environment in 2023.
  • As of 31 December 2023, the Group had cash and cash equivalents of approximately HK$509.8 million (2022: approximately HK$543.5 million).
  • Together with the interim dividend of HK$0.045 per ordinary share paid on 13 September 2023, the total dividend for 2023 would be HK$0.09 (2022: HK$0.065) per ordinary share.
  • The Group's turnover is primarily made up of the ophthalmology segment ("Ophthalmology") and surgical (wound care and healing) segment ("Surgical").

Leash Biosciences Announces $9.3 Million Seed Financing to Pioneer AI-Driven Medicinal Chemistry

Retrieved on: 
Vendredi, avril 5, 2024

SALT LAKE CITY, April 05, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Leash Biosciences, an artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML)-native biotechnology company unleashing machine learning to solve medicinal chemistry, today announced the completion of a $9.3 million seed financing round to advance its mission of revolutionizing medicinal chemistry through modern computational methods and massive biological data collection. The oversubscribed round was led by Springtide Ventures with participation from MetaPlanet, Top Harvest Capital, Mitsui Global Investment, MFV Partners, Recursion CEO and co-founder Chris Gibson, and Recursion co-founder Blake Borgeson.

Key Points: 
  • SALT LAKE CITY, April 05, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Leash Biosciences, an artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML)-native biotechnology company unleashing machine learning to solve medicinal chemistry, today announced the completion of a $9.3 million seed financing round to advance its mission of revolutionizing medicinal chemistry through modern computational methods and massive biological data collection.
  • To achieve this, Leash is producing bespoke, expansive datasets of protein targets binding to chemicals.
  • We believe a similar strategy will revolutionize how we approach medicinal chemistry," said Ian Quigley, CEO of Leash Biosciences.
  • "Leash's platform stands apart with its combined excellence in machine learning, experimental biology, and medicinal chemistry," said Claire Smith, Lead Investor at Springtide Ventures.

Aduro Clean Technologies Provides Update on Joint Western University Research Project

Retrieved on: 
Jeudi, avril 4, 2024

Over the duration of the project, the research program will employ a total of 19 highly skilled research members and engineers.

Key Points: 
  • Over the duration of the project, the research program will employ a total of 19 highly skilled research members and engineers.
  • Building on our commitment to nurturing talent, Aduro has already offered positions to outstanding graduates from the project, enabling them to continue their impactful work as full-time Aduro employees.
  • “We are happy to provide this update and report on the significant project progress to date.
  • The synergistic relationship we've cultivated with Western University, is not only advancing critical research but also fostering the next generation of scientific leaders to join our team,” stated Ofer Vicus, CEO of Aduro.

AXSOME ALERT: Bragar Eagel & Squire, P.C. is Investigating Axsome Therapeutics, Inc. on Behalf of Long-Term Stockholders and Encourages Investors to Contact the Firm

Retrieved on: 
Jeudi, avril 4, 2024

Our investigation concerns whether the board of directors of Axsome have breached their fiduciary duties to the company.

Key Points: 
  • Our investigation concerns whether the board of directors of Axsome have breached their fiduciary duties to the company.
  • Axsome is a biopharmaceutical company that engages in the development of novel therapies for central nervous system disorders in the United States.
  • However, unbeknownst to investors, the Company’s preparation and eventual submission of the AXS-07 NDA was plagued with chemistry, manufacturing, and control (“CMC”) issues.
  • Then, on April 25, 2022, Axsome disclosed in a filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission that, “[o]n April 22, 2022, Axsome .

Remembering the Legacy of Gleda M. Estes: A Pioneer in Model Rocketry and its Educational Opportunities

Retrieved on: 
Mercredi, avril 3, 2024

Gleda passed away peacefully on March 30, 2024 at the age of 92, leaving behind a legacy that will continue to inspire generations to come.

Key Points: 
  • Gleda passed away peacefully on March 30, 2024 at the age of 92, leaving behind a legacy that will continue to inspire generations to come.
  • Gleda Kane was born on March 4, 1932 to Lester and Anna Belle Kane in a farming community near Clarinda, Iowa.
  • It was in chemistry class at Central that Gleda met her husband, Vernon Estes.
  • As a co-founder of Estes Industries, Gleda was Vern’s primary support and partner in their new business venture into the space-age hobby of model rocketry.